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Ecological Processes
Figure 1 | Ecological Processes

Figure 1

From: Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century

Figure 1

Management options for restoration where (a) novelty and (b) a novel ecosystem have been identified. Decisions need to be taken by working through questions 1–4 (left hand side); depending on your ecosystem’s current condition, different goals are options for restoration management as further explored in the main text. Example management actions are provided for ecosystems identified as novel. This figure has been modified from Hulvey et al. 2013.

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