Assessing hydrological and provisioning ecosystem services in a case study in Western Central Brazil

Koschke, Lars; Lorz, Carsten; Fürst, Christine; Lehmann, Tobias; Makeschin, Franz

doi:10.1186/2192-1709-3-2

Ecological Processes

Table 3 Overview and description of applied LULCC scenarios (a) and scenario results (b) according to land use-based assessment (LU) and combined land use-based and ecosystem potential (EP) assessment (LU + EP)

From: Assessing hydrological and provisioning ecosystem services in a case study in Western Central Brazil

	(a)	(b)
		Water purification	Sediment retention			Water retention		Food and fodder		Affected area of river basin
ID	Description	LU	LU + EP	LU	LU + EP	LU	LU + EP	LU	LU + EP	[%]
BAU	Current (2010) land use distribution (baseline scenario)	88	88	86	83	48	46	31	30	-
	Change of riparian areas (Ri) with a low potential for nitrogen retention
Ri-1	… toward native tree Savanna (Cerrado)	88	88	86	83	49	47	30	30	2
Ri-2	… toward forests (afforestation)	88	88	86	83	49	47	30	30	2
Ri-3	… toward pasture	88	88	86	83	48	46	31	30	2
Ri-4	… toward natural forest (Mata)	88	88	86	83	49	47	30	30	2
Ri-5	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	88	88	86	83	48	46	31	31	2
	Change of native grass Savanna (Campo, Ca)
Ca-1	… toward irrigated land	86	86	85	82	46	44	34	33	3
Ca-2	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	87	87	86	82	46	44	32	32	3
Ca-3	… toward arable land (corn, till)	87	87	84	81	45	44	33	33	3
Ca-4	… toward pasture	88	88	86	82	47	45	31	31	3
	Change of areas with low nitrogen retention potential (NRP)
NRP-1	… toward Cerrado	88	88	87	83	49	47	30	30	4
NRP-2	… toward forests (afforestation)	88	88	86	83	48	46	30	30	4
NRP-3	… toward pasture	88	88	86	83	48	46	31	30	4
NRP-4	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	88	88	86	82	46	44	32	32	4
NRP-5	… toward irrigated land	86	86	85	82	46	44	34	33	4
	Change of areas with steep slopes(Sl)
Sl-1	… toward Cerrado	88	88	87	83	49	47	30	30	5
Sl-2	… toward forests (afforestation)	88	88	86	83	48	46	30	30	5
Sl-3	… toward pasture	88	88	86	82	47	45	31	31	5
Sl-4	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	87	87	86	82	45	44	33	32	5
Sl-5	… toward arable land (corn, till)	86	86	83	80	45	43	34	33	5
Sl-6	… toward irrigated land	85	85	85	81	45	44	35	35	5
	Change of degraded Cerrado (DC)
DC-1	… toward Cerrado	88	88	87	84	52	50	31	30	6
DC-2	… toward forests (afforestation)	88	88	87	83	50	48	31	30	6
DC-3	… toward natural forest (Mata)	88	88	87	84	52	50	31	30	6
DC-4	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	87	87	86	82	47	45	34	34	6
DC-5	… toward arable land (corn, no-till)	86	86	83	79	46	44	35	35	6
DC-6	… toward pasture	88	88	86	82	49	47	32	31	6
DC-7	… toward irrigated land	84	84	85	81	47	45	37	37	6
	Change of riparian areas (Ri) with an intermediate potential retention function
Ri-6	… toward Cerrado	89	89	87	84	51	49	29	29	8
Ri-7	… toward forests (afforestation)	89	89	87	83	49	47	29	29	8
Ri-8	… toward pasture	89	89	86	83	48	46	31	30	8
Ri-9	… toward natural forest (Mata)	89	89	87	84	51	49	29	29	8
Ri-10	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	87	87	86	82	45	43	33	33	8
	Change of riparian areas (Ri) with an intermediate and low potential retention function
Ri-11	… toward natural Cerrado	89	89	87	84	52	50	29	28	10
Ri-12	… toward forests (afforestation)	89	89	87	84	49	47	29	28	10
Ri-13	… toward pasture	89	89	86	83	48	46	30	30	10
Ri-14	… toward natural forest (Mata)	89	89	87	84	52	50	29	28	10
Ri-15	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	87	87	86	82	45	43	34	34	10
Ri-16	… toward irrigated land	82	82	84	81	45	43	39	38	10
	Change of Cerrado(Ce)
Ce-1	… toward irrigated land	81	81	83	79	41	39	41	40	10
Ce-2	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	86	86	85	81	41	39	36	35	10
Ce-3	… toward arable land (corn, till)	84	84	80	76	39	37	38	37	10
Ce-4	… toward degraded Cerrado	88	88	85	82	42	40	31	30	10
	Distance to water (D): Change of areas close to surface waters (irrespective of their current land use)
D-1	… toward Cerrado	89	89	88	85	53	51	28	28	14
D-2	… toward forests (afforestation)	89	89	87	84	49	47	28	28	14
D-3	… toward pasture	89	89	86	82	47	45	30	30	14
D-4	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	86	86	86	82	43	41	35	35	14
	Change of degraded Cerrado and Cerrado (DCC)
DCC-1	… toward arable land (general, no-till)	85	85	85	81	40	38	39	38	17
DCC-2	… toward arable land (corn, no-till)	82	82	85	81	40	38	43	42	17
DCC-3	… toward pasture	88	88	84	81	45	43	33	33	17
DCC-4	… irrigated land	77	77	82	78	40	38	47	46	17
	Change of pastureland (Pa)
Pa-1	… toward Cerrado	88	88	89	87	57	55	27	27	21
Pa-2	… toward grass Savanna (Campo)	88	88	89	87	57	55	27	27	21
Pa-3	… toward forests (afforestation)	88	88	89	85	51	49	27	27	21
Pa-4	… toward natural forest (Mata)	88	88	90	87	57	55	27	27	21
Pa-5	… arable land (general, no-till)	84	84	87	83	41	39	38	37	21
Pa-6	… toward arable land (corn, no-till)	81	81	88	84	41	39	43	42	21
	Combined (C): Change of areas with low potential for nitrogen retention, runoff retention, sediment retention, and production potential
C-1	… toward Cerrado	90	90	89	86	56	54	27	27	23
	Change of arable land (general) (Ar)
Ar-1	… toward arable land (soy, till)	95	95	76	73	40	39	33	32	47
Ar-2	… toward arable land (wheat)	94	94	81	78	48	46	24	23	47
Ar-3	… toward arable land (corn, no-till)	81	81	88	85	48	46	42	42	47
Ar-4	… toward Cerrado	97	97	92	90	82	81	7	7	47

(Scenarios were tabulated according to the affected area).

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