Assessment of nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem on energy and economy

Ecological Processes

Table 3 Energy inputs and outputs in the RM (rice monoculture production system, MJ hm ^-2 )

Item	Quantity	MJ	Quantity	MJ
	2010		2011
	Input
Renewable source (R)
Irrigation water	600.00	2,508.00(13.18)^a	600.00	2,508.00(13.18)
Renewable organic subsidiary sources (R1)
Labor
Man	51.67	101.27(0.27)	51.67	101.27(0.27)
Woman	24.00	37.68(0.10)	24.00	37.68(0.10)
Rice seed	22.50	376.65(1.01)	15.00	251.10(1.01)
Duckling	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Feed
Formulas feed	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Rice grain	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Nonrenewable industrial subsidiary sources (F)
N	165.00	10,129.35(53.23)	165.00	10,129.35(53.58)
P₂O₅	63.00	901.53(4.74)	63.00	901.53(4.77)
K₂O	120.00	1,128.00(5.97)	120.00	1,128.00(5.97)
Diesel	63.90	3,053.78(16.05)	63.90	3,053.78(16.15)
Plastics-general	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Insecticide	1.38	417.27(2.19)	1.38	417.27(2.21)
Herbicides	1.13	349.03(1.83)	1.13	349.03(1.85)
Fungicides	0.15	27.75(0.15)	0.15	27.75(0.15)
Electric motor	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Electric	0.00	0.00(0.00)	0.00	0.00(0.00)
Total		19,030.32		18,904.77
Output
Rice grain	5,806.73	88,204.23	6,180.11	93,875.87
Duck	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Protein^b	487.18		518.51
Output : input(MJ)		4.63		4.97

^aThe numerical value of the bracket was percentage; ^bthe protein content per kilogram was 83.90 g (rice monoculture production system) of rice grain.