Table 3 Mean (± SE) surface soil properties (0 to 20 cm) of different land uses

pH

8.02 ± 0.04 ab

8.12 ± 0.02 a

8.08 ± 0.02 a

8.10 ± 0.02 a

8.05 ± 0.02 a

7.96 ± 0.03 b

7.95 ± 0.02 b

<0.001

BD (mg/m3)

1.32 ± 0.04 ab

1.43 ± 0.01 a

1.42 ± 0.01 a

1.41 ± 0.02 a

1.38 ± 0.01 a

1.38 ± 0.01 a

1.28 ± 0.02 b

<0.001

SMC (%)

19.09 ± 0.84 ac

13.01 ± 0.66 b

19.50 ± 0.46 a

18.71 ± 0.67 ac

18.11 ± 0.57 ac

17.77 ± 0.62 ac

16.25 ± 0.74 c

<0.001

AP (mg/kg)

31.15 ± 17.54 ab

19.33 ± 2.30 ab

23.34 ± 2.04 a

18.48 ± 2.58 ab

21.79 ± 1.87 a

20.52 ± 3.9 ab

16.15 ± 3.28 b

0.003

AK (mg/kg)

145.36 ± 16.85 ab

209.76 ± 9.98 a

206.93 ± 12.42 a

149.84 ± 9.93 b

163.49 ± 6.37 b

137.17 ± 7.1 b

166.14 ± 12.48 b

<0.001

SOC (g/kg)

15.04 ± 4.18 ab

13.09 ± 0.64 a

10.22 ± 0.43 b

8.52 ± 0.49 b

9.46 ± 0.44 b

9.59 ± 0.64 b

9.57 ± 0.49 b

<0.001

TN (g/kg)

1.07 ± 0.15

0.93 ± 0.03

0.88 ± 0.02

0.81 ± 0.03

0.84 ± 0.03

0.91 ± 0.05

0.93 ± 0.04

0.052

C/N

12.02 ± 1.06 ab

13.93 ± 0.37 b

11.39 ± 0.3 a

10.71 ± 0.47 a

11 ± 0.25 a

10.47 ± 0.33 a

10.24 ± 0.3 a

<0.001

Pb (mg/kg)

41.51 ± 18.25 ab

24.74 ± 1.51 a

23.90 ± 1.70 ab

20.46 ± 1.89 ab

19.11 ± 0.97 b

16.58 ± 0.9 b

19.79 ± 1.17 ab

0.010

Cr (mg/kg)

54.03 ± 2.36

55.56 ± 1.42

55.11 ± 1.07

51.99 ± 2.16

52.64 ± 1.04

53.69 ± 1.54

55.19 ± 0.95

0.279

Cu (mg/kg)

28.82 ± 4.28

31.63 ± 1.66

30.17 ± 1.54

25.71 ± 1.47

26.76 ± 1.09

27.39 ± 2.10

26.12 ± 1.25

0.068

Ni (mg/kg)

25.40 ± 1.33

24.35 ± 0.53

26.13 ± 0.43

25.30 ± 0.61

25.15 ± 0.30

25.61 ± 0.84

26.11 ± 0.63

0.071

Mn (mg/kg)

708.08 ± 73.56 ab

721.64 ± 11.83 a

683.78 ± 11.33 ab

677.10 ± 17.58 ab

673.68 ± 9.19 ab

681.71 ± 18.16 ab

646.30 ± 17.45 b

0.004