From: Studying the patterns of alien and native floras of some habitats in Srinagar city, Kashmir, India
Name of plant species | Family | Group | Species status in the region | Growth form | Invasion status | Graveyard | Grassland | Orchards | Wastelands |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achillea millefolium L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | − |
Aegilops tauschii Cosson | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | In | − | + | + | + |
Ageratum conyzoides L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | − | − |
Ailanthus altissima Sw. | Simaroubaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | In | + | − | + | + |
Althaea rosea Cav. | Malvaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | Cs | + | − | − | − |
Amaranthus caudatus L. | Amaranthaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | + | + |
Amaranthus spinosus L. | Amaranthaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | − | + |
Anagalis arvensis L. | Primulaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | + | − |
Anchusa ovata Lehm. | Boraginaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Anthemis cotula L | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | B | In | + | + | + | + |
Arctium lappa L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. | Caryophyllaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | + | − | − |
Artemisia absinthium L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | Ss | In | + | + | + | + |
Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Artemisia tournefortiana Reichb. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | − | + | − |
Asparagus filicinus Ham. | Liliaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | − | + | + | − |
Avena sativa L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | Cs | − | + | + | − |
Bellis perennis L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | + | − | − |
Bidens cernua L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Bothriochloa ischaemum Keng | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | − | + | + | + |
Brachiaria eruciformis Griseb. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A |  | − | + | − | + |
Breea arvensis Less. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Bromus japonicus Thunb. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Cannabis sativa L. | Cannabiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Cardamine hirsuta L. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Carex fedia Nees | Cyperaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Carex notha Kunth. | Cyperaceae | Monocot | Alien | B | In | − | − | + | − |
Carpesium abrotanoides L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Carpesium cernuum L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | + | − |
Celtis australis L. | Ulmaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Nt | + | − | − | + |
Cerastium vulgatum L. | Caryophyllaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | + | + | − |
Ceratocephalus falcatus Pers. | Ranunculaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Chenopodium album L. | Chenopodiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | + | + |
Chenopodium botrys L. | Chenopodiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | − | + |
Chenopodium hybridum L. | Chenopodiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | − | − |
Cichorium intybus L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | − | + | + | − |
Cirsium falconeri Petrak | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Clinopodium umbrosum C. Koch | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Clinopodium vulgare L. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | − | + | − |
Convolvulus arvensis L. | Convolvulaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Conyza bonariensis Cronquist | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cs | + | − | + | + |
Conyza canadensis Cronquist | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | B | In | + | + | + | + |
Coronopus didymus Sm. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Cotula anthemoides L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | + | + | − | + |
Crataegus songarica K. Koch | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Cs | − | + | + | − |
Crepis sancta Babc. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | + | + | − |
Cuscuta europaea L. | Cuscutaceae | Dicot | Native | Ph |  | − | + | − | + |
Cynodon dactylon L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall. ex Benth. | Boraginaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Cyperus iria L. | Cyperaceae | Monocot | Alien | Aq | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Cyperus rotundus L. | Cyperaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Dactylis glomerata L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | − | − | + | − |
Datura stramonium L. | Solanaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | − | + |
Daucus carota L. | Apiaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | In | + | + | + | − |
Delphinium roylei Munz. | Ranunculaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | − | + |
Descurainia sophia Webb. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Digitaria cruciata A. Camus | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A |  | − | + | − | − |
Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | Aq | Nt | − | + | − | + |
Echinops cornigerus DC. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | + | − | − |
Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher | Equisetaceae | Pteridophyte | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. | Equisetaceae | Pteridophyte | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Erodium cicutarium L'Herit. ex Ait. | Geraniaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Eryngium billardieri Del. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Eryngium coeruleum M-Bieb. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Euclidium syriacum R. Br. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | + | − |
Euphorbia helioscopia L. | Euphorbiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. | Euphorbiaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Apiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Cs | + | − | − | + |
Fumaria indica H. N. | Fumariaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | + | + |
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | + | + |
Galium aparine L. | Rubiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cn | + | + | + | + |
Garhadiolus minutissimus Kitamura | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Geranium nepalense Sweet | Geraniaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | + | − |
Geranium pusillum Burm. f. | Geraniaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Geum roylei Bolle | Rosaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Herniaria hirsuta L. | Caryophyllaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | − | − |
Hesperis matronalis L. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | Cn | − | − | + | − |
Hordeum murinum L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Hypericum perforatum L. | Hypericaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | + | + | − |
Imperata cylindrica P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Indigofera heterantha wall. ex Brand. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | S |  | − | − | + | − |
Ipomoea purpurea Roth. | Convolvulaceae | Dicot | Alien | C | Nt | − | − | − | + |
Iris ensata Thunb. | Iridaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | − |
Iris germanica L. | Iridaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | + | − | − | − |
Iris kashmiriana Baker | Iridaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | + | − | − | − |
Kikxia spuria Dum. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | − | − |
Lactuca serriola L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | B |  | + | − | + | + |
Lamium amplexicaule L. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | + | − |
Lathyrus aphaca L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Lepidium latifolium L. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | − | − |
Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | Ss |  | − | + | + | − |
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | − | − | + | − |
Linaria dalmatica Miller | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Cn | − | − | − | + |
Lithospermum arvense L. | Boraginaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | + | + |
Lolium perenne L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | + | + |
Lolium persicum Boiss. and Hoh. ex Boiss. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A |  | − | − | − | + |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | + | + |
Malcolmia africana R. Br. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | − | − | + |
Malva mauritiana L. | Malvaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cs | − | − | + | − |
Malva neglecta Wall. | Malvaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | Nt | + | + | + | − |
Malva parviflora L. | Malvaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | + | − | + | + |
Marrubium vulgare L. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Mazus pumilus Van Steenis | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | − | + |
Medicago lupulina L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Medicago minima Grufb. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | + | + | + | − |
Medicago polymorpha L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Medicago sativa L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | Nt | − | − | + | + |
Melia azedarach L. | Meliaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Cs | + | − | − | − |
Melilotus albus Desr. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | − | + |
Melilotus officinalis Pall. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | B |  | − | − | − | − |
Mentha longifolia L. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | − | − | + | + |
Morus alba L. | Moraceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Nt | − | − | + | + |
Muehlenbergia duthieana Hack. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A |  | − | − | − | + |
Myosotis micrantha Pall. ex Lehm. | Boraginaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | + | − |
Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. | Boraginaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | + | − | + |
Narcissus tazetta L. | Amaryllidaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | + | − | − | − |
Nepeta cataria L. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | − | + | + |
Oenothera biennis L. | Onagraceae | Dicot | Alien | B | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Oenothera rosea Ait. | Onagraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | + | + | + |
Onopordum acanthium L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | − | + | + |
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. | Hyacinthaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Cs | − | − | + | − |
Oxalis corniculata L. | Oxalidaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & Heut ex Boiss. | Papaveraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cn | − | − | + | − |
Paspalum paspaloides Scribner | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Peganum harmala L. | Zygophyllaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | − | + |
Phleum alpinum L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | − | + | + | + |
Phleum paniculatum Huds. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A |  | + | + | − | − |
Phragmites australis Trin. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | − | + | − | − |
Plantago lanceolata L. | Plantaginaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Plantago major L. | Plantaginaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Poa angustifolia L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Poa annua L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Poa bulbosa L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Poa pratensis L. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Polygonum heterophyllum Lindman | Polygonaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Polygonum hydropiper L. | Polygonaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | + | + |
Polygonum plebejum R. Br. | Polygonaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | − | − |
Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | Nt | + | − | − | + |
Populus alba L. | Salicaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Nt | − | − | − | + |
Portulaca oleracea L. | Portulacaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | − | + |
Potentilla nepalensis Hk. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | + | − | + |
Potentilla reptans L. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Potentilla supina L. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | − | − | + |
Prunus armeniaca L. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Cs | − | − | − | + |
Prunus domestica L. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | Cs | − | − | + | + |
Ranunculus arvensis L. | Ranunculaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | + | + |
Ranunculus laetus Wall. ex Hk. f. and T. | Ranunculaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | − | − | + | − |
Ranunculus muricatus L. | Ranunculaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | + | − | + |
Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | T | In | + | + | + | − |
Rorippa islandica Borbas | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | Aq | Nt | + | − | + | + |
Rorippa sylvestris Besser. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Native | P | Â | + | + | + | + |
Rosa brunonii Lindl. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | S | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Rubia cordifolia L. | Rubiaceae | Dicot | Alien | C | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Rubus niveus Thunb. non Wall. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | S | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Rubus ulmifolius Schott. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | S | In | − | + | + | + |
Rumex dentatus L. | Polygonaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Rumex nepalensis Spreng. | Polygonaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | + | − | + | + |
Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Bth. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | + | + |
Sanguisorba minor Scop. | Rosaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Scandix pecten-veneris L. | Apiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | + | − |
Scirpus setaceus L. | Cyperaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | − | + | − | − |
Sclerochloa dura P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | + | − | − | − |
Scorozonera virgata DC. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Scrophularia lucida Hk. f. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Setaria viridis P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | In | − | + | − | − |
Siegesbeckia orientalis L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | − | − | + | − |
Sisymbrium loesellii L. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Sisymbrium officinale Scop. | Brassicaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | + | + |
Solanum nigrum L. | Solanaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | + | − | + | + |
Sonchus asper Hill | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | − | + | − |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | + | + |
Sorghum halepense Pers. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | In | − | + | + | − |
Stachys floccosa Benth. | Lamiaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | + | − | + | − |
Stellaria media Cyr. | Caryophyllaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Taraxacum officinale Weber | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Torilis japonica DC. | Apiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | + | + |
Torilis leptophylla Reichb. f. | Apiaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | + | + | − | + |
Tragopogon kashmirianus Gurcharan singh | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | B |  | + | − | + | + |
Trifolium pratense L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Trifolium repens L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cs | − | − | − | + |
Tulipa clusiana DC. | Liliaceae | Monocot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Tulipa lanata E. Regel | Liliaceae | Monocot | Alien | P | Nt | − | − | + | − |
Tussilago farfara L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | − | + |
Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | Dicot | Alien | P | In | + | + | + | + |
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. | Valerianaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | + | + |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Alien | B | In | + | + | + | − |
Verbena officinalis L. | Verbenaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Veronica agrestis L. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Nt | − | + | − | − |
Veronica persica Poir. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Veronica stewartii Penn. | Scrophulariaceae | Dicot | Native | A |  | − | + | + | − |
Vicia angustifolia L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Native | A | Â | + | + | + | + |
Vicia sativa L. | Fabaceae | Dicot | Alien | A | Cn | − | + | − | − |
Viola indica Bkr. | Violaceae | Dicot | Native | P |  | − | − | + | − |
Vulpia myuros Gmel. | Poaceae | Monocot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Xanthium spinosum L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | + | + | + |
Xanthium strumarium L. | Asteraceae | Dicot | Alien | A | In | + | − | + | + |