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Table 3 Estimated annual willingness to accept pay and cost to restore natural ecosystem services per 1 acre (1US$ = 100Kshs.)

From: Estimating farmers’ stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services: case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya

Variable description

Statistic

Estimated WTA (Kshs.)

Min.

Max.

Mean

Std. Error

 WTA to conserve 1 acrea

0.00

50,000.00

21,902.50

778.06

 WTA to rehabilitate Riparian Zones

1000.00

40,000.00

9125.00

427.08

 WTA for grass strips

1000.00

20,000.00

8835.50

307.75

 WTA for terracing

2500.00

55,000.00

16,534.00

719.62

 WTA contour cropping

2000.00

45,000.00

11,755.50

475.35

 WTA for agro-forestry

1500.00

35,000.00

9821.50

408.91

 WTA for clean improved seed

1200.00

65,000.00

14,020.50

644.78

 WTA for fallowingb

5000.00

45,000.00

21,847.50

723.51

 WTA for crop rotation

1500.00

85,000.00

9663.50

503.56

 WTA for reduction in agrochemical use

1500.00

 

9707.00

644.09

Estimated cost (Kshs.) to restore Ecosystem services on 1 acre without PES

 Control soil erosion

1000.00

100,000.00

12,965.00

936.19

 Improve soil fertility

1000.00

100,000.00

11,815.00

786.06

 Control flooding

1000.00

90,000.00

11,215.00

569.99

 Control pests and diseases

1000.00

15,000.00

3801.00

164.31

  1. aLand for conservation only with agricultural practices restricted to activities like grazing
  2. bRestricted agricultural activities—no ploughing and limited activities like grazing allowed