Estimating farmers’ stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services: case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya

Table 4 Socio-economic factors influencing farmer’s WTA to provide ESs

Variable description
Willingness to accept pay (WTA) for ES provision (0 = no; 1 = yes)
	Coef.	Std. err.
Gender of household head (0 = male; 1 = female)	2.004	1.842
Age of household head (years)	−0.050	0.062
Education level of household head (0 = none; 1 = primary; 2 = high school; 3 = college/university)	−4.926^a	2.184
Occupation of Household head (0 = not employed; 1 = employed; 2 = farmer; 3 = off-farm business; 4 = farmer and employed; 5 = farmer/employed/business; 6 = farmer and off-farm business)	−1.143^a	0.639
Farm size (acres)	2.305	1.376
Household family size (number)	−0.308	0.329
Acquired skills/knowledge through PES (0 = no; 1 = yes)	6.048^b	3.192
Land use system (0 = farming; 2 = not farming)	3.312^b	1.680
Access to extension services	−1.7045	1.604
Perception on PES impact on land productivity (0 = no; 1 = yes)	6.083^b	3.141
Income from PES (0 = no; 1 = yes)	5.887^a	2.513
Conservation interest (0 = no; 1 = yes)	−3.168^c	1.945
_cons	−11.998	7.745

LR χ ² (12) = 38.24; prob > χ ² = 0.0001; log likelihood = −11.225271; pseudo R ² = 0.6301
^aSignificance at 1 %
^bSignificance at 5 %
^cSignificance at 10 %