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Ecological Processes
Fig. 1 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 1

From: Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review

Fig. 1

The basic usage of structural equation modeling (SEM) in path analysis with mediation. The causal relationships include both indirect and direct effects, where Re is a mediator that intervenes with the causal relationships (modified from Shao et al. 2016). The acronyms in the models are photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Ta), soil temperature (Ts), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and respiration (Re)

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