Fig. 1

Changes in net photosynthetic rate (P _n), stomatal conductance (G _s), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) in the seedling leaves of K. obovata under aLTS [5°C/−2°C (day/night) for 36 h], R1 [15°C/10°C (day/night) for 5 days of recovery after aLTS], tLTS [5°C/−1°C (day/night) for 24 h, then again exposed to 5°C/−2°C (day/night) for 36 h], and R2 [15°C/10°C (day/night) for 5 days of recovery after tLTS]. Different lowercase letters above the columns indicate statistical significant difference at P < 0.05 between each treatment and its control, the same below