Table 4 List of species and emerged seed density (n/m2) in the soil seed banks under the inside canopy (IC) and outside canopy (OC) of Acacia robusta (AR), Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) and Ziziphus spina-Christi (ZS) at two soil depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm)
Species name | AR | BA | ZS | FG | LF | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IC | OC | IC | OC | IC | OC | |||||||||
|  | 0–5 | 5–10 | 0–5 | 5–10 | 0–5 | 5–10 | 0–5 | 5–10 | 0–5 | 5–10 | 0–5 | 5–10 | ||
Abutilon fruticosum | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Acacia ssp. (seedling) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | W | P |
Adhotodas chimperiana | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Alternanthera pugens | 3 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Amaranthus dubius | 3 | 0 | 1.3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5.5 | 3 | 6.3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | F | A |
Amaranthus hypochondriacus | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Argimon mexican | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | F | A |
Aristida adscensionsis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | G | A |
Belpharis ciliaris | 15 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | G | P |
Bothriochloa insulpta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | P |
Brachiara comate | 26.5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | G | P |
Chenopodium albrosioides | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Chloris radiate | 90 | 22.5 | 29.7 | 21 | 32.3 | 40.5 | 69 | 41.5 | 27.3 | 15.5 | 3.5 | 4 | G | P |
Commelina forskaolii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Conchorus olitorius | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Conyzya bonariensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | F | A |
Cynodon dactylon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | G | P |
Cyperus obtusiflorus | 1 | 2 | 1.75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Dactyloctinium aegyptium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 22 | 12.5 | 2 | 28 | 0 | 4 | 5 | G | A |
Digitaria abyssinica | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Digitaria velutina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Digitaria verticellata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Digitaria voltinosa | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 1 | G | A |
Eleusine jaegeri | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | G | A |
Eleusine indica | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Eragrostis cilianensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Eragrostis shweinfurthii | 39.8 | 4 | 7.8 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 48.5 | 10.3 | 27.7 | 5.5 | 9.75 | 8.75 | G | A |
Eragrostis superba | 9 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 17.5 | 4 | 14.3 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 5.3 | 6 | G | A |
Eragrostis velutina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Eriochloa nubica | 48 | 13 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 3 | 0 | 12.3 | 3 | 40.4 | 11.3 | 9.33 | 4.3 | G | A |
Euphorbia hirta | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Flaveria trinervia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Galinsoga parviflora | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Harpachne schimpri | 22.5 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3.7 | 6 | 5.5 | 6 | F | A |
Heliotropium cinerscens | 2 | 4 | 1 | 22.3 | 12.3 | 27.3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1.67 | 3 | 4.5 | F | A |
Hibiscus micronthus | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | F | A |
Indigofera spicata | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | P |
Kalanchoe petitiana | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Lantana camara | 3 | 1.67 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 1 | 0 | W | P |
Leucas urticifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Linthonia nutans | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | P |
Nicanderia physalaides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | F | A |
Orobanche minor | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Oxalis latifolia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Panicum atrosanguineum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Parthenium hysterophorus | 104.8 | 29 | 48 | 19.3 | 36 | 20.3 | 76.5 | 16.3 | 123.4 | 35.8 | 25.3 | 22.8 | F | A |
Setaria superba | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Setaria verticellata | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Sida aculata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | F | A |
Sida spinosa | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Solanum dubius | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Solanum incanum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Solanum indicum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Solanum nigrum | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Solanum somalensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | F | P |
Sporobolus pyramidalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | P |
Tagetes minuta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Tetrapogon cenchriforms | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | G | P |
Tragus berteronianus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | G | A |
Urochloa panicoides | 20 | 6.7 | 1.5 | 0 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 7 | 12.7 | 16 | 2 | 7 | G | A |
Verbesin aencelioides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | F | A |
Withania somnifera | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 2 | 0 | F | A |
Xanthium spinosum | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | F | A |
Number of species | ||||||||||||||
Grass species | 12 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 16 | 9 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | – | – |
Annual grasses | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 9 | – | – |
Perennial grasses | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | – | – |
Herbaceous forbs | 14 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 15 | 19 | 9 | 7 | – | – |
Woody species seedling | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | – | – |
Total | 28 | 17 | 25 | 15 | 29 | 15 | 25 | 16 | 30 | 33 | 21 | 17 | – | – |