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Table 3 Multiple linear regression model (standardized coefficients were reported) to predict the perceptions of local people towards the concept of PFM (R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.52 (Adj. R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.30), dfā€‰=ā€‰19; Fā€‰=ā€‰2.362, overall Pā€‰=ā€‰0.009), and implementation of PFM (R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.39 (Adj. R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.11), dfā€‰=ā€‰19; Fā€‰=ā€‰1.385, overall Pā€‰=ā€‰0.043) in WWF (+ā€‰=ā€‰a positive change in perceptions and āˆ’ā€‰=ā€‰a negative change in perceptions)

From: Perceptions and attitudes of local people towards participatory forest management in Tarmaber District of North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia: the case of Wof-Washa Forests

Variables

Perceptions towards the concept of PFM

Perceptions towards implementation of PFM

Ɵ

t

P value

Ɵ

t

P value

Intercept

āˆ’2.10

āˆ’1.31

ā€“

2.36

2.09

ā€“

Sex (femaleā€‰=ā€‰1and maleā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.15

1.14

0.26

āˆ’0.14

āˆ’1.0

0.32

Age

0.05

0.04

0.97

āˆ’0.16

āˆ’0.54

0.59

Levels of education

0.36

2.75a

0.003

āˆ’0.18

āˆ’0.80

0.43

Family size per household

āˆ’0.47

āˆ’2.20a

0.003

āˆ’0.21

āˆ’1.08

0.29

Occupation

0.22

1.10

0.28

āˆ’0.16

āˆ’0.72

0.46

Annual income (ETB)

0.64

2.77a

0.003

0.07

0.36

0.72

Livestock ownership (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.14

āˆ’0.66

0.52

āˆ’0.15

āˆ’0.62

0.54

Had enough grazing land (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.03

0.17

0.88

0.06

0.33

0.75

Wanted to keep more livestock in the future (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.16

1.19

0.24

0.07

0.49

0.66

Had shortage of fodder for livestock (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.60

2.87a

0.003

0.14

0.73

0.47

Length of duration of residence in the area (years)

0.29

0.21

0.84

0.23

0.14

0.89

History of settlement

0.42

0.50

0.62

0.10

0.10

0.92

Had the plan to stay in the area in the future

0.14

1.18

0.25

āˆ’0.03

āˆ’0.22

0.83

Private land ownership (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.11

0.29

0.78

0.07

0.20

0.84

Allocated land for woodlot plantation (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.01

āˆ’0.09

0.93

āˆ’0.07

āˆ’0.52

0.61

Had shortage of fuelwood (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.31

āˆ’2.96a

0.003

āˆ’0.30

āˆ’2.94a

0.003

Benefited due to PFM (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.52

4.02a

0.0001

0.52

3.02a

0.002

Knowledge of the respondents on WWF (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.15

1.17

0.25

0.04

0.31

0.76

Distance between the edge of the WWF and the residential area of the respondents

āˆ’0.11

āˆ’0.50

0.62

āˆ’0.10

āˆ’0.38

0.71

Had a tree planting and growing tradition (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.07

0.30

0.77

āˆ’0.33

āˆ’1.33

0.19

  1. aRepresents significance at the 95% confidence level