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Table 5 Multiple linear regression model (standardized coefficients were reported) to predict the attitudes of local people towards managing forests through participatory approach (R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.423 (Adj. R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.16), dfā€‰=ā€‰19; Fā€‰=ā€‰1.579, overall Pā€‰=ā€‰0.044), and having the responsibility to protect the WWF (R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.535 (Adj. R 2ā€‰=ā€‰0.32), dfā€‰=ā€‰19; Fā€‰=ā€‰2.475, overall Pā€‰=ā€‰0.006). (+ā€‰=ā€‰a positive change in attitudes and āˆ’ā€‰=ā€‰a negative change in attitudes)

From: Perceptions and attitudes of local people towards participatory forest management in Tarmaber District of North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia: the case of Wof-Washa Forests

Variables

Attitudes towards managing WWF through participatory approach

Attitudes towards having the responsibility to protect WWF

Ɵ

t

P value

Ɵ

t

P value

Intercept

1.76

1.51

ā€“

4.85

2.83

ā€“

Sex (femaleā€‰=ā€‰1 and maleā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.15

āˆ’1.05

0.30

āˆ’0.13

āˆ’1.003

0.32

Age

1.32

0.97

0.34

0.007

0.01

1.0

Levels of education

0.07

0.30

0.77

0.33

1.63

0.11

Family size per household

0.26

1.23

0.23

0.16

0.87

0.39

Occupation

āˆ’0.14

āˆ’0.62

0.54

āˆ’0.06

āˆ’0.27

0.79

Annual income (ETB)

āˆ’0.64

āˆ’2.79a

0.003

0.03

0.19

0.85

Livestock ownership (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.06

āˆ’0.27

0.79

0.58

2.82a

0.003

Had enough grazing land (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.35

2.91a

0.003

āˆ’0.17

āˆ’1.05

0.30

Wanted to keep more livestock in the future (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

āˆ’0.02

āˆ’0.17

0.87

0.004

0.03

0.98

Had shortage of fodder for livestock (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.13

0.61

0.54

āˆ’0.54

āˆ’2.93a

0.003

Length of duration of residence in the area (years)

āˆ’1.34

āˆ’0.88

0.39

āˆ’0.47

āˆ’0.34

0.73

History of settlement

āˆ’0.70

āˆ’0.77

0.45

āˆ’0.14

āˆ’0.17

0.86

Had the plan to stay in the area in the future

āˆ’0.20

āˆ’1.50

0.14

0.46

3.90a

0.0001

Private land ownership (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.05

0.13

0.90

āˆ’0.28

āˆ’0.76

0.45

Allocated land for woodlot plantation (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.05

0.39

0.70

āˆ’0.32

āˆ’2.79a

0.003

Had shortage of fuelwood (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.07

0.43

0.67

āˆ’0.37

āˆ’2.96a

0.003

Benefited due to PFM (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.34

2.41a

0.003

0.41

3.26a

0.002

Knowledge of the respondents on WWF (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.02

āˆ’0.17

0.87

0.04

0.33

0.74

Distance between the edge of the WWF and the residential area of the respondents

0.32

1.28

0.21

0.03

0.12

0.91

Had a tree planting and growing tradition (Yesā€‰=ā€‰2)

0.19

0.78

0.44

0.34

1.52

0.14

  1. aRepresents significance at the 95% confidence level