Perceptions and attitudes of local people towards participatory forest management in Tarmaber District of North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia: the case of Wof-Washa Forests

Ecological Processes

Table 6 Multiple linear regression model (standardized coefficients were reported) to predict the attitudes of local people towards accepting the concept and practice of PFM in WWF (R ² = 0.685 (Adj. R ² = 0.54), df = 19; F = 4.678, overall P < 0.001) (+ = a positive change in attitudes and − = a negative change in attitudes)

Variables	Attitudes towards accepting the concept and practice of PFM
Variables	ß	t	P value
Intercept	1.64	1.14	–
Sex (female = 1 and male = 2)	0.01	0.06	0.95
Age	−0.53	−0.53	0.60
Levels of education	0.003	0.02	1.0
Family size per household	−0.16	−1.06	0.3
Occupation	−0.05	−0.316	0.76
Annual income (ETB)	0.09	0.55	0.59
Livestock ownership (Yes = 2)	−0.05	−0.31	0.76
Had enough grazing land (Yes = 2)	−0.24	−2.99^a	0.003
Wanted to keep more livestock in the future (Yes = 2)	0.08	0.79	0.43
Had shortage of fodder for livestock (Yes = 2)	0.04	0.29	0.78
Length of duration of residence in the area (years)	0.68	0.60	0.55
History of settlement	0.54	0.79	0.43
Had the plan to stay in the area in the future	0.10	1.03	0.31
Private land ownership (Yes = 2)	0.12	0.40	0.69
Allocated land for woodlot plantation (Yes = 2)	−0.003	−0.03	0.98
Had shortage of fuelwood (Yes = 2)	0.06	0.49	0.63
Benefited due to PFM (Yes = 2)	0.80	7.63^a	0.0001
Knowledge of the respondents on WWF (Yes = 2)	0.04	0.38	0.71
Distance between the edge of the WWF and the residential area of the respondents	−0.13	−0.70	0.49
Had a tree planting and growing tradition (Yes = 2)	−0.21	−1.15	0.26