Table 2 Views on herd size dynamics and management practices over the last four decades as perceived by the community
Issue | Response | Frequency of respondents | Chi-square cross tabulation test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nomadic | Semi-nomadic | Sedentary | |||
Has household herd size changed? | Yes | 113 (94) | 118 (90) | 78 (94) | χ2 = 1.854 df = 2 p = 0.396 |
No | 7 (6) | 13 (10) | 5 (6) | ||
Which is the perceived direction of change in herd size | Increased | 24 (21) | 32 (27) | 26 (33) | χ2 = 3.496 df = 2 p = 0.174 |
Decreased | 89 (79) | 86 (73) | 52 (64) | ||
Reasons for increase? | Born | 3 (13) | 18 (56) | 13 (50) | χ2 = 16 df = 4 p = 0.003 |
Bought | 16 (66) | 12 (38) | 13 (50) | ||
Good pastures | 5 (21) | 2 (6) | 0 | ||
Reasons for decrease? | Frequent drought | 74 (83) | 60 (70) | 26 (50) | χ2 = 27.842 df = 8 p < 0.001 |
Investing on livestock | 6 (7) | 1 (1) | 3 (6) | ||
Livestock diseases | 2 (2) | 10 (12) | 6 (12) | ||
Loss of grazing land | 5 (5) | 7 (8) | 11 (21) | ||
Poverty | 2 (2) | 8 (9) | 6 (11) | ||
Has livestock recovered since 2009 | Yes | 71 (59) | 43 (33) | 41 (49) | χ2 = 17.871 df = 2 p < 0.001 |
No | 49 (41) | 88 (67) | 42 (51) | ||
How household livestock has recovered since 2009 drought | Born | 11 (15) | 19 (44) | 20 (49) | χ2 = 14.725 df = 3 p < 0.001 |
Gift | 3 (4) | Â | 1 (2) | ||
Good pastures | 9 (13) | 9 (21) | 2 (5) | ||
Bought | 48 (68) | 15 (35) | 18 (44) | ||
Reasons why livestock have not recovered since 2009 drought? | Investing on livestock | 0 | 5 (6) | 4 (10) | χ2 = 20.052 df = 10 p = 0.029 |
Lack of herding labor | 7 (14) | 7 (8) | 3 (7) | ||
Livestock diseases | 7 (14) | 7 (7) | 8 (19) | ||
Loss of grazing land | 18 (38) | 33 (38) | 6 (14) | ||
Poverty | 2 (4) | 5 (6) | 7 (17) | ||
Recurrent droughts | 15 (30) | 31 (35) | 14 (33) | ||
Does household practice herd mobility? | Yes | 113 (98) | 113 (90) | 18 (24) | χ2 = 24.056 df = 2 p < 0.001 |
No | 2 (2) | 13 (10) | 57 (76) | ||
Is mobility still effective? | Yes | 105 (88) | 105 (80) | 32 (39) | χ2 = 20.01 df = 2 p < 0.001 |
No | 15 (12) | 26 (20) | 51 (61) | ||
Reasons why herd mobility is ineffective? | Lack of herding labor | 2 (13) | 2 (8) | 5 (16) | χ2 = 8.784 df = 6 p = 0.186 |
Loss of land productivity | 11 (74) | 19 (73) | 13 (41) | ||
Overgrazing | 0 | 1 (4) | 2 (6) | ||
Restricted movement | 2 (13) | 4 (15) | 12 (37) | ||
Has migration pattern changed? | Yes | 58 (48) | 80 (61) | 45 (54) | χ2 = 4.115 df = 2 p = 0.128 |
No | 62 (52) | 51 (39) | 38 (46) | ||
What are the perceived causes of change in migration pattern? | Changed pastoral lifestyle | 0 | 2 (4) | 9 (23) | χ2 = 60.379 df = 12 p < 0.001 |
Changed weather pattern | 10 (16) | 19 (37) | 2 (5) | ||
Increased settlement | 20 (32) | 8 (16) | 5 (13) | ||
Lack of herding labor | 10 (16) | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | ||
Loss of land productivity | 11 (18) | 10 (20) | 9 (24) | ||
Population increase | 5 (8) | 8 (15) | 1 (3) | ||
Restricted movement | 6 (10) | 1 (2) | 11 (29) | ||