Table 8 Results of the Heckman probit selection model for the wet lowland

Education of HH head

0.082**

0.022

0.016**

0.012

0.033***

0.003

0.013***

0.002

Household size

0.044**

0.012

0.014 **

0.043

HH head sex

0.580**

0.010

0.177**

0.012

Farming experience

0.072

0.133

0.023

0.131

HH head age

0.138**

0.012

0.012**

0.031

0.015***

0.000

0.008***

0.000

Crop income

0.001

0.142

0.031

0.531

Livestock income

0.829***

0.000

0.145***

0.000

Non-farm income

0.126**

0.023

0.021**

0.044

Extension advice

1.024***

0.000

0.303***

0.000

Cultivated land size

− 0.565**

0.034

− 0.009**

0.024

Climate information

0.255**

0.021

0.074**

0.023

0.034

0.131

0.031

0.113

Temperature

0.168***

0.000

0.044***

0.000

Precipitation

− 0.013***

0.000

− 0.03***

0.000

Plots with steep slope

2.62*

0.054

0.263*

0.041

Plots with mixed slope

2.62*

0.054

0.263*

0.043

Semi-fertile plots

0.056

0.113

0.012

0.110

Non-fertile plots

1.21**

0.022

0.066**

0.011

Shared out land

− 0.025

0.310

− 0.012

0.310

Farm-home distance

− 0.122**

0.011

− 0.033**

0.011

Number of parcels

− 0.013**

0.021

− 0.011

0.012

Number of crop failures

1.418***

0.000

0.278***

0.000

Frequency of drought in 20 years

0.255**

0.021

0.074**

0.023

Frequency of drought in 10 years

0.83***

0.001

0.212

0.000

Duration of food shortage

0.011**

0.028

0.003**

0.035

Past knowledge of adaptation

0.476***

0.002

0.132***

0.001

Constant

− 5.945***

0.003

− 1.245***

0.000

Total observations

371

Censored

77

Uncensored

294

Wald chi-square (zero slopes)

86.84 (P < 0·001)

Wald chi square (independent equations)

10.29 (P < 0·001)