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Fig. 5 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 5

From: The effects of nutrients on stream invertebrates: a regional estimation by generalized propensity score

Fig. 5

The causal effects of total nitrogen on invertebrates in different ecoregions of the Western United States. a Forested Mountains. b Great Plains. c North American Deserts. The black solid lines and black dashed lines are the mean estimations by generalized propensity score of the TN-IR dose-response function and the corresponding 95% confidence boundaries, respectively. The gray solid lines are the estimations by the general additive model in a and c and the estimations by simple linear regression in b. The gray dashed line in b is the estimation by multiple linear regressions and nearly overlaps the simple linear regression line

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