Table 1 Experimental details indicating specific tree crop combination and their distribution in the study area
Land use system/elevation range | Code | Tree-crop combination | Plot size m2 | Net cropped area (ha) | Area under trees (ha) | Area under grasses ha | No. of trees ha−1 | Average age of the tree component |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture | A | 50 × 20 | ||||||
1900–2170 m | Pea – Maize, Wheat – Rajmash | 1.00 | – | – | – | Annual | ||
2170–2440 m | Barley – Rajmash, | 1.00 | – | – | – | Annual | ||
2440–2710 m | Peas – cabbage | 1.00 | – | – | – | Annual | ||
Horticulture | H | 50 × 20 | ||||||
1900–2170 m | Apple | – | 1.00 | – | 185 | 25 year (A) | ||
2170–2440 m | Apple | – | 1.00 | – | 212 | 20 year (A) | ||
2440–2710 m | Apple | – | 1.00 | – | 400 | 18 year (A) | ||
Agri-horticulture | AH | 50 × 20 | ||||||
1900–2170 m | Apple + Peas – Maize, Apple + Wheat – Rajmash, Apple + Barley – Rajmash | 0.9 | 1.0 | – | 185 | 25 year (A) | ||
2170–2440 m | Apple – Peas – Cabbage, Apple + Wheat – Rajmash, Apple + Barley – Rajmash | 0.9 | 1.0 | – | 212 | 20 year (A) | ||
2440–2710 m | Apple + Wheat – Rajmash, Apple + Barley – Rajmash, | 0.9 | 1.0 | – | 400 | 18 year (A) | ||
Agri-horti-silviculture | AHS | 50 × 20 | ||||||
1900–2170 m | Robinia + Apple – Pea + Maize, Ailanthus altissima + Apple – Pea + Maize, | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | 55 | ~40 year (R) | ||
Salix tetraperma + Apple + Pea – Maize | 0.4 | 0.3 | – | 63 | ~40 year (B-S) | |||
2170–2440 m | Robinia + Apple + Pea – Cabbage, Populus ciliata + Apple + Wheat – Rajmash | – | 120 | ~50 year (A-I) | ||||
Cedrus deodara + Apple + Barley – Rajmash | 0.5 | 0.2 | – | 100 | ~60 year (F-S) | |||
24,410–2710 m | Cedrus deodara + Apple + Wheat – Rajmash, P. gerardiana + Apple +Wheat – Rajmash, Cedrus deodara + Apple + Barley– Rajmash | – | 100 | 60 cm diameter (C) | ||||
Silvipasture | SP | 50 × 20 | 26.4 cm diameter (P) | |||||
1900–2170 m | Pinus gerardiana + Grasses + Artemisia inbia + A. brevifolia | – | 0.4 | 0.6 | 160 | ~70 year (A-I) | ||
2170–2440 m | Pinus gerardiana + A. brevifolia + Grasses | – | 0.5 | 0.5 | 171 | ~70 year (Ab) | ||
2440–2710 m | Cedrus deodara + A.brevifolia + Lespedeiza gerardiana + Grasses | – | 0.7 | 0.3 | 159 | 60 cm diameter (C) | ||
Barren land | BL | 50 × 20 | ||||||
1900–2170 m | Artemisia inbia + Grasses, Artemisia inbia + Grasses, Myrsine species + Grasses | – | 0.4 | 0.6 | 50 | ~70 year (A-I) | ||
2170–2440 m | A. inbia + Grasses, A. inbia + Grasses, A.brevifolia + Grasses | – | 0.3 | 0.7 | 60 | ~60 year (L) | ||
2440–2710 m | Grasses + Lespedeiza gerardiana, Grasses + Lespedeiza gerardiana, Grasses + Lespedeiza gerardiana | – | 0.4 | 0.6 | 50 | ~60 year (Ab) |