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Ecological Processes
Fig. 9 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 9

From: Effect of spring grass fires on vegetation patterns and soil quality in abandoned agricultural lands at local and landscape scales in Central European Russia

Fig. 9

NMDS ordination of the vegetation data. The fitted vectors (full-line arrows) show the direction and strength of the linear correlations of the Landolt indicator values with the plot scores. F soil moisture, L insolation, N nutrient content in the soil, and R soil reaction. The biotopes are indicated by convex hulls (dotted lines). UAA unburnt abandoned arable land, BAA burnt abandoned arable land, and MF patches of mature forest. Values in brackets are proportions of variation represented by the axes; stress is 0.11

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