Table 3 Multiple linear regression model to predict the attitudes of local people towards the community forest governance, and the state forest governance in Tehulederi District

Intercept

− 3.29

− 2.82

–

2.67

2.89

–

Sex (female = 1; male = 2)

0.15

1.14

0.352

− 0.14

− 1.87

0.231

Age

0.24

1.09

0.651

− 0.16

− 1.48

0.432

Levels of education

0.36

2.75**

0.002

0.32

2.96**

0.002

Family size per household

0.47

2.840**

0.002

− 0.21

− 3.08**

0.002

Annual income (ETB)

− 0.22

− 3.10**

0.001

− 0.16

− 2.72**

0.002

Livestock ownership (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.64

2.77**

0.002

− 0.07

− 3.36**

0.001

Enough grazing land (no = 1; yes = 3)

− 0.14

− 0.66

0.523

− 0.15

− 0.62

0.543

Want to keep more livestock than have at present (no = 1; yes = 3)

− 0.03

− 2.86**

0.002

− 0.06

− 3.29**

0.001

Shortage of fodder for livestock (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.16

1.19

0.244

− 0.07

− 0.49

0.665

Length of local residence in the area (years)

0.60

0.27

0.762

− 0.14

− 0.73

0.474

History of settlement in the area

0.29

0.21

0.845

0.23

0.14

0.893

Plan to stay in the area in the future (no = 1; unsure = 2; yes = 3)

0.42

2.92**

0.002

− 0.10

− 3.29**

0.001

Private land ownership (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.14

1.18

0.253

0.09

0.22

0.644

Land size (ha)

0.11

0.29

0.785

0.27

0.23

0.764

Tree planting and growing tradition (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.01

0.69

0.651

0.07

0.65

0.726

Shortage of fuelwood (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.31

2.96**

0.002

− 0.30

− 2.94**

0.002

Accessibility to forest resources (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.52

4.02**

0.0001

0.69

3.12**

0.002

Distance between the edge of the forests and the residential area of the respondents (km)

0.15

1.17

0.254

− 0.04

− 0.31

0.768

Incentives (e.g. seeds, tree seedlings, technical supports, and credits) to plant and grow trees (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.11

2.64**

0.002

0.23

3.38**

0.001

Sufficient market to sell their forest products (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.54

3.30**

0.001

− 0.33

− 1.33

0.199

Enough labour to manage trees/seedlings planted and grown by themselves (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.15

3.17**

0.001

− 0.04

− 0.31

0.768

Knowledge on the presence of traditional bylaws that restrict people and/or livestock from illegally destroying the tree seedlings planted and grown in the study site (no = 1; yes = 3)

0.27

3.30**

0.001

− 0.33

− 3.36**

0.001