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Table 8 Mean seasonal ET (and standard deviation) from ET-Amazon parsed by land cover and land use class (http://due.esrin.esa.int/page_globcover.php)

From: The spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration across the Amazon River Basin based on remote sensing products validated with flux towers

Land cover

Area (km2)

Area (%)

JFM (mm)

AMJ (mm)

JAS (mm)

OND (mm)

Annual (mm/year)

Sparse vegetation

10,889.6

0.2

76.4 (13.9)

40.4 (18.4)

25.8 (16.9)

48.2 (20.5)

572.1

Mosaic grassland/forest-shrubland

6033.7

0.1

76.7 (12.1)

38.4 (13.7)

21.8 (12.6)

44.3 (15.7)

543.7

Artificial areas

753.0

0.1

82.0 (18.9)

58.5 (27.5)

52.2 (36.4)

71.3 (32.4)

792.0

Bare areas

6560.1

0.1

85.0 (17.4)

57.1 (26.0)

46.7 (32.3)

68.1 (30.9)

770.5

Closed to open grassland

76,620.0

1.3

93.1 (16.9)

71.9 (18.1)

60.4 (31.4)

83.0 (25.8)

924.9

Mosaic forest-shrubland/grassland

19,498.7

0.3

93.9 (18.2)

70.5 (25.7)

58.2 (34.4)

79.8 (30.1)

907.0

Closed to open shrubland

249,490.8

4.3

95.3 (19.3)

74.0 (24.5)

62.5 (35.1)

86.1 (27.8)

953.6

Open broadleaved deciduous forest

308.8

0.1

104.4 (15.7)

65.9 (19.4)

45.5 (23.1)

81.3 (21.0)

891.1

Rainfed croplands

943.7

1.1

108.5 (12.3)

70.9 (16.1)

44.0 (21.3)

91.2 (19.5)

943.7

Closed to open vegetation regularly flooded

97,001.6

1.7

109.8 (10.0)

93.9 (13.7)

96.8 (26.7)

113.7 (14.3)

1242.7

Mosaic croplands/vegetation

233,958.2

4.0

109.9 (11.8)

88.4 (17.8)

73.7 (28.3)

104.2 (17.9)

1128.7

Mosaic vegetation/croplands

87,718.3

1.5

111.5 (12.9)

81.6 (18.1)

64.2 (29.3)

99.7 (19.2)

1070.9

Closed to open broadleaved forest regularly flooded (fresh-brackish water)

176,586.0

3.0

115.0 (7.2)

105.6 (7.6)

118.1 (16.6)

122.4 (9.0)

1383.1

Closed to open broadleaved evergreen or semi-deciduous forest

4,690,468.8

80.1

116.4 (8.1)

105.4 (9.2)

114.7 (18.5)

122.2 (10.9)

1376.0

Closed broadleaved deciduous forest

51,243.9

1.0

117.2 (10.0)

74.1 (17.1)

57.4 (19.0)

98.5 (16.5)

1041.5

Closed broadleaved forest permanently flooded (saline-brackish water)

53.5

0.1

121.3 (8.9)

99.1 (11.7)

99.5 (17.0)

123.6 (10.9)

1330.1