Table 2 Indexed indicators, profiles, and overall LVI for highland, midland, wetland, and lowland AESs
Profile/ Component | Indicators | Units | Indexed value for each indicator | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HL | ML | WL | LL | |||
1. Climate | The standard deviation of the average daily maximum temperature by month between 1995 and 2015 | Changes over time, °C | 0.191 | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.405 |
The standard deviation of the average daily minimum temperature by month between 1995 and 2015 | Changes over time, °C | 0.148 | 0.109 | 0.109 | 0.391 | |
The standard deviation of the average monthly precipitation between 1995 and 2015 | Changes over time, mm | 0.293 | 0.269 | 0.269 | 0.484 | |
Average number of drought events in the past 20 years | Number of events | 0.630 | 0.149 | 0.183 | 1.000 | |
Average number of flood events in the past 20 years | Number of events | 0.359 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.755 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.324 | 0.142 | 0.348 | 0.607 | ||
2. Ecosystem | Land suitability for agriculture | Index | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.750 |
Sustainability of land use system | Index | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.750 | |
Land with improved soil water conservation techniques | Percent | 0.263 | 0.221 | 0.484 | 0.210 | |
Irrigation potential | Hectare | 0.680 | 0.830 | 0.580 | 1.000 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.611 | 0.263 | 0.516 | 0.678 | ||
3. Agriculture | Average annual total production | Tons per HH | 0.652 | 0.629 | 0.742 | 0.682 |
Average changes in productivity per hectare | Tons per Ha | 0.756 | 0.754 | 0.667 | 0.785 | |
The diversity of crop species (Inverse) | 1/(# of Crops + 1) | 0.533 | 0.571 | 0.571 | 0.615 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.647 | 0.652 | 0.660 | 0.694 | ||
4. Wealth | Average farm size of HH | Hectare per HH | 0.485 | 0.480 | 0.339 | 0.568 |
Average number of livestock per HH | TLU/HH | 0.479 | 0.432 | 0.347 | 0.277 | |
Average Existing loans per HH (Inverse) | Birr/HH | 0.713 | 0.794 | 0.894 | 0.467 | |
Average non-agricultural income | Birr/HH | 0.079 | 0.230 | 0.010 | 0.004 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.439 | 0.484 | 0.397 | 0.329 | ||
5. Technology | Households (HHs) who used Insecticide and pesticide | Percent | 0.040 | 0.105 | 0.088 | 0.174 |
HHs who used fertilizer | Percent | 0.895 | 0.936 | 0.915 | 0.853 | |
HHs who used improved seed | Percent | 0.596 | 0.651 | 0.716 | 0.642 | |
HHs who have irrigation potential | Percent | 0.316 | 0.179 | 0.421 | 0.080 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.462 | 0.468 | 0.535 | 0.437 | ||
6. Infrastructure | Average time to access all-weather roads | Hours | 0.702 | 0.761 | 0.673 | 0.351 |
Average time to access schools | Hours | 0.742 | 0.777 | 0.742 | 0.530 | |
Average time to access veterinary services | Hours | 0.731 | 0.757 | 0.731 | 0.574 | |
Average time to access markets | Hours | 0.613 | 0.747 | 0.693 | 0.427 | |
HHs who have access to savings and credit | Percent | 0.653 | 0.779 | 0.579 | 0.200 | |
HHs who have access to electricity | Percent | 0.042 | 0.137 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
HHs who have access to telephone | Percent | 0.653 | 0.842 | 0.337 | 0.063 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.591 | 0.686 | 0.537 | 0.306 | ||
7. Community | Male-headed households | Percent | 0.867 | 0.960 | 0.960 | 0.930 |
Household heads attended some level of school | Percent | 0.821 | 0.853 | 0.632 | 0.300 | |
Extension service received | Percent | 0.800 | 0.850 | 0.870 | 0.660 | |
Average number of trainings attended | Number | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | |
Average time to access health services | Hours | 0.514 | 0.549 | 0.480 | 0.411 | |
Radio ownership | Percent | 0.842 | 0.919 | 0.558 | 0.432 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.807 | 0.855 | 0.750 | 0.456 | ||
8. Social | Governance (% of HHs participated in the election of leadership) | Percent | 0.870 | 0.843 | 0.842 | 0.789 |
Membership in CBOs | % of HHs who are members of CBO | 0.895 | 0.915 | 0.920 | 0.821 | |
Participation in projects | Participation index | 0.412 | 0.618 | 0.471 | 0.324 | |
Availability of bylaws | Percent | 0.590 | 0.680 | 0.620 | 0.580 | |
Average number of non-working days per month | Number of Days | 0.558 | 0.642 | 0.592 | 0.125 | |
HHs who have the tradition of working together | Percent | 0.920 | 0.899 | 0.798 | 0.910 | |
Profile indexed value | 0.708 | 0.766 | 0.707 | 0.591 | ||