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Ecological Processes

Table 1 Compositional change between older and newer tree surveys, adjusted for comparison (species ≥ 1.5% currently; change = new percentage − old percentage; ratio = new percentage/old percentage), shade tolerance values, and tree strategy group. Adjustments to equalize survey effort make the differences between values more suitable to assess

From: Recent shifts in shade tolerance and disturbance traits in forests of the eastern United States

Region

Scientific name

Common name

Old %

New %

Change

Ratio

Shade

Group

Central eastern

Acer rubrum

Red maple

13.22

15.11

1.88

1.14

3.44

Mid-successional

 

Acer saccharum

Sugar maple

7.72

8.65

0.93

1.12

4.76

Late-successional

 

Pinus strobus

Eastern white pine

5.86

6.76

0.90

1.15

3.21

Mid-successional

 

Juniperus virginiana

Eastern redcedar

3.28

6.41

3.14

1.96

1.28

Early-successional

 

Quercus alba

White oak

5.12

3.97

− 1.16

0.77

2.85

Fire-tolerant oaks

 

Betula lenta

Sweet birch

2.17

2.92

0.75

1.35

2.58

Mid-successional

 

Pinus virginiana

Virginia pine

3.88

2.78

− 1.09

0.72

1.99

Early-successional

 

Liriodendron tulipifera

Yellow-poplar

3.01

2.77

− 0.24

0.92

2.07

Early-successional

 

Quercus prinus

Chestnut oak

3.16

2.66

− 0.50

0.84

2.85

Fire-tolerant oaks

 

Pinus echinata

Shortleaf pine

3.19

2.32

− 0.87

0.73

1.86

Early-successional

 

Quercus rubra

Northern red oak

2.91

2.27

− 0.64

0.78

2.75

Fire-tolerant oaks

 

Quercus velutina

Black oak

3.07

2.15

− 0.92

0.70

2.72

Fire-tolerant oaks

 

Tsuga canadensis

Eastern hemlock

1.63

2.12

0.48

1.30

4.83

Late-successional

 

Prunus serotina

Black cherry

1.56

2.12

0.56

1.36

2.46

Early-successional

 

Fraxinus americana

White ash

2.28

1.90

− 0.39

0.83

2.46

Early-successional

 

Acer negundo

Boxelder

0.86

1.71

0.85

1.99

3.47

Mid-successional

 

Carya glabra

Pignut hickory

0.92

1.51

0.59

1.64

2.69

Mid-successional

Northern Southeast

Pinus taeda

Loblolly pine

26.10

37.59

11.49

1.44

1.99

Planted pines

 

Pinus echinata

Shortleaf pine

21.84

7.96

− 13.88

0.36

1.86

Fire-tolerant pines

 

Liquidambar styraciflua

Sweetgum

6.17

6.80

0.63

1.10

1.59

Early-successional

 

Juniperus virginiana

Eastern redcedar

2.43

5.66

3.23

2.33

1.28

Early-successional

 

Acer rubrum

Red maple

4.03

5.45

1.42

1.35

3.44

Mid-successional

 

Pinus virginiana

Virginia pine

5.59

4.79

− 0.80

0.86

1.99

Early-successional

 

Liriodendron tulipifera

Yellow-poplar

1.96

2.89

0.93

1.47

2.07

Early-successional

 

Quercus alba

White oak

2.94

2.58

− 0.36

0.88

2.85

Fire-tolerant oaks

 

Quercus nigra

Water oak

1.33

1.73

0.40

1.30

2.25

Early-successional

 

Carpinus caroliniana

American hornbeam

0.86

1.52

0.66

1.77

4.58

Late-successional

Coastal Plain

Pinus taeda

Loblolly pine

24.97

35.44

10.47

1.42

1.99

Planted pines

 

Pinus elliottii

Slash pine

12.72

13.16

0.43

1.03

1.99

Planted pines

 

Acer rubrum

Red maple

7.37

7.63

0.26

1.04

3.44

Mid-successional

 

Liquidambar styraciflua

Sweetgum

5.03

4.71

− 0.33

0.94

1.59

Early-successional

 

Pinus palustris

Longleaf pine

6.93

3.71

− 3.22

0.53

0.87

Fire-tolerant pines

 

Nyssa biflora

Swamp tupelo

4.21

3.02

− 1.18

0.72

2.00

Early-successional

 

Quercus nigra

Water oak

2.11

2.75

0.64

1.30

2.25

Early-successional

 

Taxodium distichum

Bald cypress

2.75

2.21

− 0.54

0.80

2.13

Early-successional

 

Taxodium ascendens

Pond cypress

2.41

1.77

− 0.64

0.73

2.13

Early-successional

 

Quercus laurifolia

Laurel oak

1.18

1.77

0.58

1.49

3.34

Mid-successional

 

Pinus echinata

Shortleaf pine

5.33

1.64

− 3.69

0.31

1.86

Fire-tolerant pines

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