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Table 3 Enumeration of medicinal plant species used by the Karbi tribe in East Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary

From: Non-timber forest products and their contribution to healthcare and livelihood security among the Karbi tribe in Northeast India

Botanical name

Local name

Habit

Parts used

Medicinal uses

Used type

Mode of application

Abroma augustum (L.) L.f. (Malvaceae)

Korai

S

R

1. Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea

O

1. Decoction of root

Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae)

Chuselok

C

R, L

1. Malaria

2. Fever, cold, cough

O

O

1. Decoction of root

2. Decoction of leaf

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. (Fabaceae)

Khemra

T

B, L, R

1. Cut, wound, antidote against insect bites

2. Stomach ache, dyspepsia

T

O

1. Paste of bark and leaf

2. Decoction of root

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Rutaceae)

Thepli

T

L, F,

1. Stomach ache

2. Dysentery, constipation, haemorrhoids, cure weak health

O

O

1. Mixture of leaf and fruits with water

2. Juice of fruits

Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don (Araceae)

Henchala

H

L, St, Cr

1. Antidote against insect bites

2. Diarrhoea, stomach ache

T

O

1. Paste of leaf and stem

2. Corm decoction

Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Butt (Zingiberaceae)

Tara

H

Rh

1. Stomach ache, sore throat

2. Headache, lumbago

O

T

1. Juice of rhizome

2. Paste of rhizome

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. Ex DC. (Amaranthaceae)

Utokreng

H

Wp,

1. Urinary disorder, haematuria

O

1. Decoction of whole plant

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae)

Utokreng

H

L, Wp

1. Skin allergies

2. Urinary disorder

T

O

1. Paste of fresh leaf

2. Infusion of whole plant

Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae)

Dido

H

Wp, L

1. Antidote against insects bite

2. Nosebleed

T

N

1. Juice of whole plant

2. Juice of leaf

Amblovenatum opulentum J.P. Roux (Thelypteridaceae)

Babkeso

S

Wp

1. Ectoparasitic control in poultry

T

1. Whole plant is applied directly

Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae)

Longle jangphong

T

F, L

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Helminthiasis

O

O

1. Direct feeding of fruits

2. Decoction of leaf

Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae)

Longle jangphong

T

L

1. Ectoparasitic control in poultry

T

1. Whole plant is applied directly

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae)

Neem

T

L, R

1. Skin acne

2. Fever

3. Skin acne in cattle, ectoparasitic control in cattle

T

O

T

1. Paste of leaf

2. Decoction of root

3. Paste of leaf, decoction of root and leaf

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. (Phyllanthaceae)

Dampijuk

T

F

1. Scurvy

2. Skin infection

O

T

1. Direct consumption of fruits

2. Juice of fruits

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (Fabaceae)

Ingku

T

R, Fl

1. Stomach ache

2. Cold, cough

O

O

1. Decoction of root

2. Decoction of flower

Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Fabaceae)

Ingku-ke er

T

R, B, Bu, Fl

1. Cut, wound

2. Vomiting, nausea

3. Tonsils, thyroid problem

4. Dysentery in cattle

T

O

O

O

1. Paste of root

2. Powder of dry buds and root

3. Decoction of bark for gargle

4. Infusion of flower

Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng. (Phyllanthaceae)

Pleple

T

B

1. Burns, skin acne, cut, wound

2. Bronchitis

T

O

1. Paste of bark

2. Decoction of bark

Bridelia tomentosa Blume (Phyllanthaceae)

Thebihi-arong

T

L, B

1. Stomach ache

O

1. Decoction of bark and leaf

Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae)

Inglong abirik

H

L, F

1. Dyspepsia, sore throat

2. Rheumatism

3. Laryngitis

O

T

O

1. Direct consumption of fruits

2. Paste of fruits and leaf

3. Decoction of fruits for gargle

Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae)

Loring

T

B

1. Cure dysentery in cattle

O

1. Juice of the bark

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae)

Chong amok

H

L, Wp

1. Cut, wound, itches, sore eyes, sinusitis

2. Gastric problem, cold, cough

3. Haemorrhoids

T

O

O

1. Juice of leaf

2. Infusion of leaf

3. Juice of whole plant

Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D. Specht (Costaceae)

Ai-upo

H

Rh

1. Helminthiasis, bronchitis

2. Skin acne

O

T

1. Juice of rhizome

2. Paste of rhizome

Cissampelos pareira L. (Menispermaceae)

Tubuki-lota

C

L, R, St

1. Skin acne, cut, wound, antidote against insect bite

2. Helminthiasis, diarrhoea, dysentery, dysmenorrhoea

T

O

1. Paste of leaf and root

2. Infusion of leaf and stem

Citrus assamensis R.M.Dutta & Bhattacharya (Rutaceae)

Tumeng

S

F

1. Dyspepsia

2. Antidote against insect bite

3. Malaria

O

T

O

1. Juice of fruits

2. Juice of fruits

3. Juice of fruits

Clerodendrum infortunatum L. (Verbenaceae)

Phlek ik

S

L, Tw, R

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Dandruff

O

T

1. Infusion of root and twigs

2. Infusion of leaf

Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)

Tharmit

H

Rh

1. Dyspepsia, gastric problem

2. Rheumatism, cut, wound, bruise, burns

O

T

1. Juice of rhizome

2. Paste of rhizome

Datura metel L. (Solanaceae)

Hepi chumprak

H

L, S

1. Pain reliever

2. Asthma and bronchitis

T

I

1. Paste of roasted leaf

2. Vapour of boil leaf

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (Poaceae)

Chek arong

S

L

1. Arthritis, fever

T

1. Paste of leaf

Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (Caryophyllaceae)

Nonrongman

H

Wp, L

1. Cut, wound, bruise, burns

2. Cold, cough, sinusitis

T

I

1. Paste of whole plant

2. Vapour from boil leaf

Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae)

Cheri hanthor

T

L, La

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Haemorrhoids

O

O

1. Infusion of leaf buds

2. Direct consumption of a few drops of latex with milk

Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae)

Ingthum

T

R, F, B

1. Skin acne, itches

2. Jaundice, stomach ache

3. Increase lactation in lactating woman

T

O

O

1. Powder of dried root bark

2. Decoction of fruits and bark

3. Direct consumption of ripe fruits

Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae)

Cheri

T

B, La, F

1. Mouth infection

2. Ears infection

3. Urinary disorder

O

T

O

1. Decoction of bark for gargle

2. Paste of latex

3. Powder of dried peel of its fruits

Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. (Rubiaceae)

Chong

H

Wp, F

1. Skin infection, skin acne, allergies

T

1. Paste of whole plant

Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae)

Bomu

H

Wp

1. Skin acne, cut, wound

T

1. Paste of whole plant

Hedyotis scandens Roxb. (Rubiaceae)

Bi akengkung

H

R

1. Sprains in goats

T

1. Paste of rhizome

Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Malvaceae)

Hanserong

H

L, Fl, S

1. Cold, cough

2. Muscle fatigue

3. Gastric problem, stomach ache

O

T

O

1. Infusion of leaf

2. Paste of leaf and stem

3. Juice of flower mixed with sugar

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae)

Hanserong ke-er

H

S, L

1. Urinary incontinence, dyspepsia

2. Antidote against insect bite

3. Food poisoning in cattle

O

T

O

1. Decoction of seed

2. Paste of leaf

3. Decoction of seed

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (Apiaceae)

Chong amok

H

L

1. Dysentery, gastric problem, stomach ache

O

1. Juice of leaf

Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae)

Parok hanthor

C

Wp, S, L

1. Bleeding gums

2. Fever, cough, dysentery

3. Cut, wound, headache

O

O

T

1. Juice of whole plant

2. Decoction of stem and leaf

3. Paste of leaf

Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae)

Bithiphaknur

H

Rh

1. Fever in cattle

O

1. Juice of rhizome

Leea indica (Burm. F.) Merr. (Vitaceae)

Gangma-chi

S

R, L, Fl

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Skin ache

O

T

1. Decoction of root

2. Paste of leaf and flower

Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (Lamiaceae)

Han phulok

H

L, Fl

1. Sinusitis

2. Helminthiasis

3. Antidote against insect bite

N

O

T

1. Juice of leaf

2. Decoction of leaf and flower

3. Paste of leaf

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson (Verbenaceae)

Naga alopong

S

L

1. Conjunctivitis

2. Fever, stomach ache

T

O

1. Juice of leaf

2. Infusion of leaf

Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Keng (Magnoliaceae)

Parokbithi-arong

T

B, Fl

1. Dysmenorrhoea, stomach ache, dyspepsia

2. Asthma, coughing

O

O

1. Decoction of bark

2. Decoction of flower

Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)

Tharve

T

S, L

1. Diarrhoea, haemorrhoids

2. Throat infection

O

O

1. Powder of dried seed

2. Direct consumption of young leaf

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)

Sondon

T

B

1. Kill maggots in cattle

T

1. Paste of bark

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae)

Thengsakso

S

L

1. Gastric problem, dysentery, vomiting

O

1. Juice of leaf

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae)

Hawali

T

L, Fl

1. Malaria, constipation, helminthiasis

O

1. Juice of leaf and flower

Ocimum gratissimum L. Lamiaceae)

Tulsi

H

L

1. Indigestion

2. Ectoparasitic in cattle

T

T

1. Infusion

2. Leaf is applied directly

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. (Bignoniaceae)

Napak ban

T

Fl, R, S, B

1. Helminthiasis

2. Diarrhoea, dysentery

3. Cut, wound, boils

4. Tonsil

O

O

T

T

1. Decoction of flower

2. Decoction of root

3. Paste of young seed

4. Paste of bark for gargle

Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae)

Wothung-mekbok

H

Wp, L

1. Helminthiasis, scurvy

2. Antidote against insect bite, burns, skin allergies

3. Sore eyes

O

T

T

1. Infusion of whole plant

2. Paste of leaf

3. Juice of leaf

Phlogacanthus tubiflorus (Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.) Nees (Acanthaceae)

Jok-aan

S

I, L

1. Helminthiasis

2. Cold, cough, asthma

O

O

1. Juice of inflorescence

2. Decoction of leaf

Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae)

Thilu kame

T

B, F

1. Nausea, vomiting

2. Dysentery

O

O

1. Powder of fruits

2. Decoction of fruits

Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae)

Nihang bokbok

H

L

1 Arthritis, headache

2 Malaria

T

O

1. Paste of leaf

2. Decoction of whole plant

Pseudocaryopteris foetida (D.Don) P.D.Cantino (Lamiaceae)

Pherklum alo

S

Wp

1. Ectoparasitic control in poultry

T

1. Whole plant is applied directly

Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Gaudich. (Urticaceae)

Bikbik

T

L, F

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Skin ache

O

T

1. Decoction of leaf

2. Juice of leaf and fruits

Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae)

Taw-eit

S

L

1. Constipation, release kidney stone

2. Skin acne, cut, wound

O

T

1. Powder of dried leaf mixed with hot water

2. Powder of dried leaf mixed with oil

Sida acuta Burm.f. (Malvaceae)

Bijang

S

Wp, L, R

1. Fever, dyspepsia

2. Dysentery, diarrhoea

3. Bleeding gum, toothache

O

O

T

1. Decoction of whole plant

2. Infusion of leaf

3. Paste of root

Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae)

Bijangnai

H

Wp

1. Chicken pox, burns, skin allergies

T

1. Paste of whole plant

Solanum indicum L. (Solanaceae)

Hepi sokran

H

F, L

1. Helminthiasis

2. Fever, cold, cough

O

O

1. Direct consumption of fruits

2. Decoction of fruits and Leaf

Solanum torvum Swartz (Solanaceae)

Hipi kumbong

S

F, L

1. Helminthiasis

2. Skin infections, cut, wound

O

T

1. Direct consumption of fruits

2. Paste of the leaf

Stemona tuberosa Lour. (Stemonaceae)

Nune hiru

C

F

1. Kill ingro (lice) in dogs

T

1. Paste of fruits

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae)

Jangmi

T

S, F

1. Asthma, bronchitis

2. Haemorrhoids

O

O

1.Paste of fruits and seed kernel

2. Direct consumption of fruits

Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. (Apocynaceae)

Mir herai

S

R, L, Fl

1. Diarrhoea, stomach ache

2. Cough

3. Sore eyes

O

O

T

1. Decoction of root

2. Infusion of leaf

3. Juice of flower

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers (Fabaceae)

Mith- arong

S

Wp, L

1. Jaundice

2. Toothache

O

T

1. Decoction of whole plant

2. Paste of leaf

Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn. (Combretaceae)

Arjungos

T

B

1. Food poisoning

2. Bone fracture

3. Bone fracture in cattle

O

T

T

1. Infusion of bark

2. Paste of the bark

3. Paste of the bark

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae)

Logio-asing

T

F, B

1. Diarrhoea, dysentery

2. Leucodermia

O

T

1. Direct consumption of the pulp from raw fruits

2. Paste of bark

Tragia involucrata L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Bab kangsam

H

R

1. Cure helminthiasis in dogs

O

1. Paste of rhizome

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Rutaceae)

Jajur

S

L

1. Cure helminthiasis in cattle

O

1. Paste of leaf

Zingiber chrysanthum Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

Sobleksin

H

Rh

1. Ear infection, boils, skin acne, cut, wound

T

1. Paste of rhizome

Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae)

Hanso

H

Rh

1. Haemorrhoids, constipation

2. Dysmenorrhoea, stomach ache

3. Bleeding gums and ear infection

4. Indigestion in cattle

O

O

T

O

1. Juice of rhizome

2. Decoction of rhizome

3. Paste of rhizome

4. Decoction of rhizome

Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd. (Rhamnaceae)

Bukuri arong

T

F, S, L

1. Diarrhoea

2. Headache, fever

3. Skin burn and infection in cattle

O

T

T

1. Powder of seed

2. Paste of leaf

3. Paste of leaf