Table 2 Experiments on retention forestry in Finland and Sweden. The Finnish experiments are located in the middle boreal biome and the Swedish experiment in the north boreal biome (Ahti et al. 1968). The Finnish experiments are ordered according to establishment year. For location of experiments, see Fig. 2, and for photos from a selection of experiments, see Fig. 3. Year establishment year, Age stand age at establishment (year), NS Norway spruce Picea abies, SP Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. Blocks, size = number of blocks or stands, and their size ranges. LUKE Natural Resources Institute Finland, Metsähallitus Finnish forest and park services, Metsäteho Metsäteho Ltd., a research and development company by Finnish forest industry organizations, UEF University of Eastern Finland, UH University of Helsinki, Skogforsk Forestry Research Institute of Sweden. For explanation of Finnish experiment names, see the section “Abbreviations” in the text
Experiments | Characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Age, tree species | Blocks, size | Treatments | Response variables | Responsible | Information | |
MONTA (East and West) (Finland) | 1995 | 90, NS | 48, 1–2 ha | Clear felling, retention felling (up to 0.02 ha patches), gap felling, selection felling | Wood-inhabiting fungi, vascular plants, lichens, mosses, liverworts, beetles, spiders, ants, land snails, timber volume, sapling establishment, coarse woody debris | LUKE, Metsäteho, UH | Jalonen and Vanha-Majamaa 2001 |
RETREE (Finland) | 1997 | 90, NS | 11, 1–3 ha | Retention of 0.1–0.6 ha patches in clear-felled stands | Vascular plants, lichens, mosses, liverworts, beetles, spiders, land snails, timber volume, sapling establishment, coarse woody debris | LUKE, UH | Matveinen-Huju et al. 2006 |
FIRE (Finland) | 2000 | 150, SP | 24, 3–5 ha | Retention of different intensity (0, 10, or 50 m3/ha), burning | Polypore and other fungi, beetles, flat bugs, pollinators, small mammals, ungulates, lichens, tree monitoring, tree regeneration, dendrochronology | UEF | Hyvärinen et al. 2005 |
EVO (Finland) | 2001 | 90, NS | 24, 1–3 ha | Down wood retention (5, 30, or 60 m3/ha), standing tree retention (50 m3/ha), burning | Wood-inhabiting fungi, vascular plants, lichens, mosses, liverworts, beetles, timber volume, sapling establishment, coarse woody debris | LUKE, UH | Vanha-Majamaa et al. 2007 |
DISTDYN (East and West) (Finland) | 2009 | 90, NS/SP | 12, 200–300 ha | Selection felling, gap felling, clear felling, deadwood addition. 5–20% retention volume | Wood-inhabiting fungi, vascular plants (some lichens and mosses), beetles, timber volume, sapling establishment | LUKE, Metsähallitus, UEF, UH | Koivula et al. 2014 |
Effaråsen (Sweden) | 2012 | 120, SP | 24, 5–14 ha | Retention gradient (3–100% volume) and burning | Wood-inhabiting fungi, mycorrhiza fungi, epixylic lichens, beetles, timber volume, logging performance and opportunity costs, carbon stock, albedo | Skogforsk | Djupström and Weslien 2019 |