The influence of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil erosion, and soil nutrient export in the central highlands of Ethiopia

Ecological Processes

Table 3 Soil loss (t ha^–1) in grazing land (GL) and cultivated land (CL) over the three study years

Year	Treatments	Mean ± SD (t ha^–1)	t	p value	Change in soil loss (%)
2007	GL	31.8 ± 2.1^b	− 6.60	0.003	34.6
	CL	42.8 ± 2.1^a
2008	GL	33.5 ± 0.6^b	− 7.85	0.001	48.1
	CL	49.6 ± 3.5^a
2009	GL	33.7 ± 2.6^b	− 5.10	0.007	31.5
	CL	44.3 ± 2.5^a
Average	GL	32.9 ± 1.9^b	− 8.80	0.0001	38.6
	CL	45.6 ± 3.9^a

Columns with different letters are significantly different at 0.05 level, GL grazing land, CL cultivated land, SD standard deviation