Table 2 Descriptive statistical analysis of 11 heavy metals in water samples of lakes along a rural to urban gradient in central China (Mean±SD)
From: Heavy metal gradients from rural to urban lakes in central China
Heavy metals | Concentrations of heavy metals in different groups | df | F | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | ||||
Cd (μg/L) | 0.05±0.01a | 0.09±0.02b | 0.15±0.04b | 0.21±0.07b | 0.15±0.02b | 4 | 6.120 | 0.004** |
Co (μg/L) | 0.37±0.09a | 1.51±0.74bc | 1.16±0.59b | 2.84±1.58bc | 3.30±1.36c | 4 | 8.906 | 0.001** |
Pb (μg/L) | 1.42±0.62a | 5.74±2.34b | 5.13±2.10b | 7.74±4.52b | 10.04±8.44b | 4 | 5.329 | 0.007** |
Cr (μg/L) | 3.10±0.38a | 9.93±2.36b | 8.56±5.46b | 11.40±5.69b | 10.28±5.82b | 4 | 4.290 | 0.016** |
As (μg/L) | 3.12±0.53a | 18.52±12.64b | 20.73±12.34b | 15.16±5.07b | 45.19±38.37b | 4 | 7.126 | 0.002** |
Ni (μg/L) | 5.30±0.61a | 12.33±2.18b | 11.48±2.70b | 16.99±4.02bc | 18.22±3.23c | 4 | 16.456 | 0.000** |
Cu (μg/L) | 6.64±1.51 | 11.97±5.06 | 15.42±13.25 | 15.82±5.93 | 20.69±15.67 | 4 | 1.277 | 0.322 |
Zn (μg/L) | 10.35±1.16a | 18.68±5.51ab | 22.25±8.75b | 28.13±8.27b | 25.46±10.75b | 4 | 3.930 | 0.022* |
Mn (μg/L) | 43.46±13.45a | 200.65±91.95b | 150.75±68.54b | 391.61±164.47bc | 656.24±139.43c | 4 | 18.995 | 0.000** |
Fe (mg/L) | 0.36±0.05a | 2.28±1.49b | 2.02±1.43b | 5.19±4.15b | 4.59±3.20b | 4 | 5.599 | 0.006** |
Al (mg/L) | 0.36±0.02a | 3.17±2.28b | 2.46±1.29b | 6.75±5.22b | 5.59±4.06b | 4 | 6.120 | 0.004** |