Functional trait | Functional group | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Floral diameter | Inconspicuous | ≤ 4 mm | Machado and Lopes 2004 |
Small | > 4 ≤ 10 mm | ||
Medium | > 10 ≤ 20 mm | ||
Big | > 20 ≤ 30 mm | ||
Very big | > 30 mm | ||
Floral depth | Inconspicuous | ≤ 4 mm | Machado and Lopes 2004 |
Small | > 4 ≤ 10 mm | ||
Medium | > 10 ≤ 20 mm | ||
Big | > 20 ≤ 30 mm | ||
Very big | > 30 mm | ||
Floral resource | Pollen | Â | |
Nectar | Â | ||
Pollen + nectar | Â | ||
Oil | Â | ||
No resource | Â | ||
Other diverse resources | May include a combination of the above and other types of resources | ||
Flower color | White | Â | Machado and Lopes 2004 |
Red | Â | ||
Green (including beige and creme) | Â | ||
Yellow | Â | ||
Orange | Â | ||
Lilac/violet (including blue) | Â | ||
Pink | Â | ||
Blossom type | Inconspicuous | ≤ 4 mm and no attractive structures | Faegri and Van der Pijl 1979 |
Plate/dish | Â | ||
Funnel | Â | ||
Brush | Â | ||
Gullet | Â | ||
Flag | Â | ||
Tube | Â | ||
Pollen presentation strategy | Accessible | Anther with longitudinal dehiscence and exposed outside the flower perianth | Simpson 2010 |
Internal | Anther with longitudinal dehiscence and inside the flower perianth, making access more difficult | ||
Accessible secondary presentation | Secondary pollen presentation with pollen exposed outside flower perianth | ||
Internal secondary presentation | Secondary pollen presentation with pollen exposed inside flower perianth | ||
Poricidal | Type of anther dehiscence which access is limited to bees that can withdraw pollen through its vibration | De Luca and Vallejo-MarĂn 2013 | |
Pollinia | Pollen packed into hard structure, making it unavailable as a resource and its access extremely specific to effective pollinators | Johnson and Edwards 2000 | |
Active | Mechanism that needs to be triggered by legitimate pollinators to expose pollen | Aluri and Reddi 1995 | |
Attractive antherodes | Presence of attractive antherodes that present little or no viable pollen, while true anthers are inconspicuous and loaded with viable pollen for effective pollinators | Faden 1992 | |
Heterostyly | Species that present flowers with style at different heights in relation to anthers | Lopes and Buzato 2005 |