From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Lichens reveal the quality of indoor air in Selangor, Malaysia
Parameter | Control sample | Urban area | Rural area | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indoor environment | Outdoor environment | Indoor environment | Outdoor environment | ||
Al | 342 ± 44 (342) | 515 ± 37 (515) | 707 ± 22 (707) | 490 ± 46 (490) | 633 ± 19 (633) |
As | 0.116 ± 0.02 (0.116) | 0.182 ± 0.028 (0.180) | 0.301 ± 0.029 (0.301) | 0.153 ± 0.018 (0.153) | 0.291 ± 0.019 (0.291) |
Ca | 9031 ± 875 (9028) | 7272 ± 130 (7272) | 7012 ± 212 (7009) | 6975 ± 123 (6974) | 7109 ± 301 (7109) |
Cd | 0.044 ± 0.002 (0.044) | 0.098 ± 0.001 (0.098) | 0.164 ± 0.019 (0.164) | 0.075 ± 0.002 (0.075) | 0.157 ± 0.016 (0.157) |
Cr | 1.31 ± 0.88 (1.30) | 1.53 ± 0.71 (1.53) | 1.78 ± 0.11 (1.78) | 1.39 ± 0.79 (1.39) | 1.66 ± 0.09 (1.66) |
Cu | 3.87 ± 0.55 (3.87) | 5.50 ± 0.77 (5.50) | 7.00 ± 0.40 (7.00) | 4.81 ± 0.21 (4.80) | 6.87 ± 0.53 (6.87) |
Fe | 384 ± 37 (384) | 428 ± 39 (411) | 449 ± 28 (449) | 399 ± 31 (399) | 390 ± 20 (390) |
Pb | 1.70 ± 0.04 (1.70) | 2.01 ± 0.02 (2.01) | 2.42 ± 0.03 (2.42) | 1.89 ± 0.03 (1.88) | 2.17 ± 0.03 (2.17) |
S | 799 ± 67 (799) | 884 ± 49 (884) | 998 ± 43 (998) | 834 ± 10 (834) | 870 ± 64 (870) |
Sb | 0.051 ± 0.002 (0.051) | 0.074 ± 0.001 (0.074) | 0.119 ± 0.002 (0.119) | 0.065 ± 0.003 (0.065) | 0.098 ± 0.003 (0.098) |
V | 1.189 ± 0.073 (1.189) | 1.441 ± 0.067 (1.441) | 1.822 ± 0.180 (1.821) | 1.209 ± 0.050 (1.209) | 1.566 ± 0.210 (1.566) |
Zn | 27.9 ± 1.9 (27.9) | 29.1 ± 2.1 (29.1) | 30.1 ± 2.6 (30.1) | 28.1 ± 2.0 (28.1) | 28.8 ± 3.3 (28.8) |
FV/FM | 0.700 ± 0.072 (0.700) | 0.720 ± 0.051 (0.720) | 0.765 ± 0.041 (0.765) | 0.690 ± 0.055 (0.690) | 0.757 ± 0.035 (0.757) |
PIABS | 0.165 ± 0.085 (0.165) | 0.195 ± 0.078 (0.195) | 0.294 ± 0.103 (0.294) | 0.157 ± 0.045 (0.157) | 0.271 ± 0.064 (0.271) |