On the effects of spatial resolution on effective distance measurement in digital landscapes

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Summary statistics of 1000 sample values of CWL3/CWL1, CWL9/CWL1, and CWL27/CWL1 on cost surfaces with no barrier, one barrier, and two barriers

	Accuracy indicator	Mean	Median	Std. Dev.	Kurtosis	Skewness	Range	# (< 0.9)	# (> 1.1)
No barriers	CWL3/CWL1	1.008	1.002	0.019	67.07	6.23	(0.916–1.285)	0	7
	CWL9/CWL1	1.018	1.005	0.043	74.60	6.42	(0.916–1.710)	0	42
	CWL27/CWL1	1.033	1.009	0.076	71.25	6.21	(0.913–2.237)	0	102
One barrier	CWL3/CWL1	1.008	1.003	0.019	61.39	6.04	(0.916–1.285)	0	6
	CWL9/CWL1	0.992	1.003	0.100	15.41	− 2.44	(0.229–1.710)	80	43
	CWL27/CWL1	0.998	1.004	0.124	16.46	−0.18	(0.230–2.237)	100	90
Two barriers	CWL3/CWL1	1.009	1.003	0.023	116.32	8.87	(0.916–1.384)	0	6
	CWL9/CWL1	0.964	1.002	0.143	8.87	− 2.33	(0.163–1.710)	157	36
	CWL27/CWL1	0.962	1.001	0.165	8.20	− 1.14	(0.163–2.237)	194	77

Note that “# (< 0.9)” and “# (> 1.1)” indicate the number of values smaller than 0.9 and greater than 1.1, respectively, and that this notation is used in the remainder of this section.