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Fig. 5 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 5

From: N2O emission and its influencing factors in subtropical streams, China

Fig. 5

SEM estimating the direct and indirect effects of physicochemical variables and functional genes on N2O concentration. The amoA in this figure is the principal component 1 (PC1) extracted from two nitrification genes. The denitrification genes in this figure are the PC1 extracted from three denitrification genes. Direct effect: the direct influence of explanatory variables on N2O concentration, and the value is the path coefficient from cause variable to result variable. Indirect effect: the influence of explanatory variables on N2O concentration through one or more mediating variables. The value is the product of the path coefficients starting from the explanatory variables and ending at the N2O concentration through all intermediary variables. Red solid lines demonstrate significantly positive effects (P< 0.05), blue solid lines demonstrate significantly negative effects (P< 0.05), and black dashed lines indicate insignificant effects. Single-headed arrows refer to unidirectional causal relationships

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