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Table 6 The land use/land cover (LULC) changes (gain, loss, and rate of change) between 1984 and 1994, 2004 and 2014, and 2014 and 2019, where G=gain, L=loss and PC= rate of change

From: The impacts of land-use and land-cover change on wetland ecosystem service values in peri-urban and urban area of Bahir Dar City, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

LULC categories

1984–1994

1994–2004

2004–2014

2014–2019

1984–2019

G/L ha

PC %

G/L ha

PC %

G/L ha

PC %

G/L ha

PC %

G/L ha

PC %

Cultivated land

182

1.50

− 892

− 7.24

− 68

− 0.59

− 523

− 4.60

− 1301

− 10.70

Built-up area

221

18.37

815

57.26

604

26.95

959

33.75

2599

216.07

Grazing land

731

57.54

− 428

− 21.39

514

32.67

749

35.89

15676

123.24

Vegetation

− 945

− 21.43

1248

36.01

− 692

− 14.66

− 859

− 21.34

− 1247

− 28.27

Water body

− 151

− 24.69

82

17.87

− 39

− 7.14

− 154

− 30.56

− 262

− 42.76

Wetland

− 38

− 0.92

− 825

− 20.24

− 320

− 9.84

− 173

− 5.90

− 1356

− 32.95