The impacts of land-use and land-cover change on wetland ecosystem service values in peri-urban and urban area of Bahir Dar City, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

Ecological Processes

Table 8 Changes in ecosystem service values (ESVin USD ×10⁶) for each land use/land cover (LULC) category of Bahir Dar City

LULC categories	1984–1994		1994–2004		2004–2014		2014–2019		1984–2019
LULC categories	USD in millions	change in %	USD in millions	change in %	US D in millions	change in %	USD in millions	change in %	USD in millions	change in %
Cultivated land	0.04	1.91	− 0.20	− 10.53	− 0.01	− 0.46	− 0.12	− 4.35	− 0.29	− 3.25
Built-up area	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Grazing land	0.22	10.53	− 0.13	− 6.84	0.15	6.91	0.22	7.97	0.46	5.16
Vegetation	− 0.93	− 44.50	1.23	64.74	− 0.65	− 29.95	− 0.88	− 31.88	− 1.23	− 13.79
Water body	− 1.27	− 60.77	0.67	35.26	− 0.31	− 14.29	− 1.25	− 45.29	− 2.16	− 24.22
Wetland	− 0.15	− 7.18	− 3.47	− 182.63	− 1.35	− 62.21	− 0.73	− 26.45	− 5.70	− 63.90
Total	− 2.09		− 1.90		− 2.17		− 2.76		− 8.92