Rural households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and extremes: a livelihood zone-based approach in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Normalized rainfall, temperature, drought frequency, and overall level of exposure risk across the livelihood zones of the study area

Livelihood	Rainfall	Averg. Temp.	Max. Temp.	Min. Temp.	Drought Frequency		Overall exposure risk
Zones	Normalized	Normalized	Normalized	Normalized	Mean Freq.	Normalized	Normalized	Level of risk
ABB	0.315	0.107	0.000	0.429	8.14	1.000	0.38	Low
Meher	1.000	0.350	0.543	1.000	7.65	0.602	0.71	High
Belg	0.759	1.000	0.595	0.591	7.59	0.602	0.71	High
Meher-Belg	0.420	0.507	0.336	0.312	7.50	0.480	0.41	Moderate
CHV	0.290	0.143	1.000	0.351	6.91	0.000	0.35	Low
SWS	0.000	0.000	0.026	0.000	7.16	0.203	0.05	Very low
Variance	0.129	0.134	0.144	0.111		0.121
Root variance	0.359	0.366	0.380	0.333		0.349
1/Root variance	2.786	2.729	2.634	3.004		2.869
Sum	14.023
K	0.071
W	0.199	0.195	0.188	0.214		0.205

Note: Data of exposure indicators (rainfall, temperature, and frequency of drought) were derived from interpolated stations using zonal statistics in ArcGIS for each livelihood zones