Table 4 A summary of the effects of agriculture on the downstream riverine and estuarine water properties. When most minerals (e.g., Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+) increased, they were collectively described as EC increased. The arrows before the water properties indicate that the subsequent water properties increased (↑), decreased (↓), or did not change (→). See the list of abbreviations for the water properties
| Study sites | Effects on downstream water properties | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Jambi estuary rivers, Sumatra, Indonesia | ↑: SS, TOC | Sanderson and Taylor (2003) |
| Streams at the Petapahan area, Sumatra, Indonesia | →: DIN, TP | Comte et al. (2015) |
| Rivers at Sibu and Tatau, Sarawak, Malaysia |
↑: COD, NH4+ ↓: pH, DO | Gandaseca et al. (2015) |
| Rajang River, Sarawak, Malaysia |
↑: SS ↓: pCO2 | Müller-Dum et al. (2019) |
| Sundar River, Sarawak, Malaysia | ↑: EC, turbidity, NH4+, COD | Rosli et al. (2020) |
| Groundwater at Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia |
↑: NH4+ →: NO3− | Ah Tung et al. (2009) |
| Buyhang watershed streams, Leyte, Philippines |
↑: Turbidity ↓: NO3−, PO43− | Dessie and Bredemeier (2013) |
| Surface runoff at Sangara and Dami, Papua New Guinea |
↑: NH4+ →: NO3− | Banabas et al. (2008) |
| Tully River, Queensland, Australia |
↑: SS, PON, NO3−, PO43− →: DON, PP, DOP | Mitchell et al. (2001), Furnas (2003) |
| Tully and Murray Rivers, Granite Creek, Queensland, Australia | ↑: SS, TN, TP | Faithful and Finlayson (2005) |
| Herbert River, Queensland, Australia | ↑: SS, TN, TP | Bramley and Roth (2002), Mitchell et al. (1997) |
| Cudgen Catchment, New South Wales, Australia |
↑: pH ↓: pCO2 | Jeffrey et al. (2016) |
| Kallada River and Ashtamudi estuary, Kerala, India |
↑: SS, NO3−, PO43− ↓: DIN:DIP | Jennerjahn et al. (2008) |
| Nawuni Catchment, Ghana | ↑: Turbidity, NH4+ | Tahiru et al. (2020) |
| Federal District streams, Brasilia, Brazil |
↑: EC, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+ →: DON, PO43− ↓: DO | Silva et al. (2011) |
| Tanguro Ranch, Mat Gross, Brazil | ↑: EC, SS, DOC, NH4+, PO43− | Riskin et al. (2017) |
| Paragominas streams, Pará, Brazil |
↑: EC, pH, turbidity, NO3− →: PO43− ↓: DO | Figueiredo et al. (2010) |
| Sarapuí River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil | ↑: SS, turbidity, POM, TN, TP | De Mello et al. (2018a, b) |
| Streams, Puerto Rico | ↑: DO, TP | Uriarte et al. (2011) |