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Table 4 A summary of the effects of agriculture on the downstream riverine and estuarine water properties. When most minerals (e.g., Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+) increased, they were collectively described as EC increased. The arrows before the water properties indicate that the subsequent water properties increased (↑), decreased (↓), or did not change (→). See the list of abbreviations for the water properties

From: The impact of tropical land-use change on downstream riverine and estuarine water properties and biogeochemical cycles: a review

Study sites

Effects on downstream water properties

Sources

Jambi estuary rivers, Sumatra, Indonesia

↑: SS, TOC

Sanderson and Taylor (2003)

Streams at the Petapahan area, Sumatra, Indonesia

→: DIN, TP

Comte et al. (2015)

Rivers at Sibu and Tatau, Sarawak, Malaysia

↑: COD, NH4+

↓: pH, DO

Gandaseca et al. (2015)

Rajang River, Sarawak, Malaysia

↑: SS

↓: pCO2

Müller-Dum et al. (2019)

Sundar River, Sarawak, Malaysia

↑: EC, turbidity, NH4+, COD

Rosli et al. (2020)

Groundwater at Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia

↑: NH4+

→: NO3−

Ah Tung et al. (2009)

Buyhang watershed streams, Leyte, Philippines

↑: Turbidity

↓: NO3−, PO43−

Dessie and Bredemeier (2013)

Surface runoff at Sangara and Dami, Papua New Guinea

↑: NH4+

→: NO3−

Banabas et al. (2008)

Tully River, Queensland, Australia

↑: SS, PON, NO3−, PO43−

→: DON, PP, DOP

Mitchell et al. (2001), Furnas (2003)

Tully and Murray Rivers, Granite Creek, Queensland, Australia

↑: SS, TN, TP

Faithful and Finlayson (2005)

Herbert River, Queensland, Australia

↑: SS, TN, TP

Bramley and Roth (2002), Mitchell et al. (1997)

Cudgen Catchment, New South Wales, Australia

↑: pH

↓: pCO2

Jeffrey et al. (2016)

Kallada River and Ashtamudi estuary, Kerala, India

↑: SS, NO3−, PO43−

↓: DIN:DIP

Jennerjahn et al. (2008)

Nawuni Catchment, Ghana

↑: Turbidity, NH4+

Tahiru et al. (2020)

Federal District streams, Brasilia, Brazil

↑: EC, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+

→: DON, PO43−

↓: DO

Silva et al. (2011)

Tanguro Ranch, Mat Gross, Brazil

↑: EC, SS, DOC, NH4+, PO43−

Riskin et al. (2017)

Paragominas streams, Pará, Brazil

↑: EC, pH, turbidity, NO3−

→: PO43−

↓: DO

Figueiredo et al. (2010)

Sarapuí River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil

↑: SS, turbidity, POM, TN, TP

De Mello et al. (2018a, b)

Streams, Puerto Rico

↑: DO, TP

Uriarte et al. (2011)