Fig. 5

Determination coefficient (R2) of the regression, mean bias and mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the phenology estimated from vegetation indices (VI) against that from gross primary production (GPP). SOS: start of growing season, EOS: end of growing season. NDVIB: broadband normalized difference vegetation index, EVIB: broadband enhanced vegetation index, NIRvB: broadband near-infrared albedo of vegetation, NDVIM: MODIS normalized difference vegetation index, EVIM: MODIS enhanced vegetation index, NIRvM: MODIS near-infrared reflectance of vegetation