Table 2 Individual ecosystem service value coefficients (US $ ha–1 year–1) for the five representative biomes based on the modified estimates of Kindu et al. (2016)
Ecosystem services | Each LULC classes ecosystem service values (US$ ha–1 year–1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural forest | Plantation forest | Cropland | Grasslands | Tree patches | |
Provisioning services | |||||
 Water supply | 8.0 | 8.0 | – | – | – |
 Food production | 32.0 | 32.0 | 187.6 | 117.5 | 117.5 |
 Raw material | 51.2 | 51.2 | – | – | – |
 Genetic resources | 41.0 | 41.0 | – | – | – |
Regulating services | |||||
 Water regulation | 6.0 | 6.0 | – | 3.0 | 3.0 |
 Water treatment | 136.0 | 136.0 | – | 87.0 | 87.0 |
 Erosion control | 245.0 | 245.0 | – | 29.0 | 29.0 |
 Climate regulation | 223.0 | 223.0 | – | – | – |
 Biological control | – | – | 24.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 |
 Gas regulation | 13.7 | 13.7 | – | 7.0 | 7.0 |
 Disturbance regulation | 5.0 | 5.0 | – | – | – |
Supporting services | |||||
 Nutrient cycling | 184.4 | 184.4 | – | – | – |
 Pollination | 7.3 | 7.3 | 14.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 |
 Soil formation | 10.0 | 10.0 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Habitat/refugia | 17.3 | 17.3 | – | – | – |
Cultural services | |||||
 Recreation | 4.8 | 4.8 | – | 0.8 | 0.8 |
 Cultural | 2.0 | 2.0 | – | – | – |
Total | 986.7 | 986.7 | 225.6 | 293.3 | 293.3 |