Fig. 4

Fitness measures in the offspring of N. vespilloides in AgNP-exposed and control beetles. A Number of eggs (n = 20 female beetles per treatment group, p = 0.239). B Number of larvae per clutch (parentheses indicate 4 broods of controls and 1 brood of exposed that have failed and were excluded from the analysis, p = 0.050). C Weight of the clutch (failed broods excluded, p = 0.037). D Number of larvae pupating (failed broods excluded, p = 0.111)