Ecological Processes

Table 1 Direct, indirect, and total effects of acid rain, soil traits, and litter quality on fine root litter decomposition rate based on structural equation models

From: Effects of sulfuric, nitric, and mixed acid rain on the decomposition of fine root litter in Southern China

Factors	pH	S/N	pHs	Phosphatase	Urease	C/Nr	Car
Total	0.476	0.090	0.679	0.160	− 0.108	− 0.387	0.053
Direct	− 0.281	− 0.176	0.794	0.142	− 0.405	− 0.387	0.053
Indirect	0.757	0.265	− 0.115	0.018	0.297	/	/

S/N the ratio of SO₄²⁻ to NO₃⁻; pH acid rain pH. pHs soil pH, Phosphatase soil acid phosphatase activity, Urease soil urease activity; C/Nr C/N ratio of fine-root litter, Car calcium content of fine root litter

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