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Table 8 Estimated mean annual soil erosion rate of each land use land cover type and the entire watershed in 1985, 2002, 2017, and 2033 in Muga watershed

From: Impacts of land use/land cover and climate changes on soil erosion in Muga watershed, Upper Blue Nile basin (Abay), Ethiopia

Year

Mean annual soil erosion rate (t ha−1 year−1)

Entire watershed

Grassland

Cultivated land

Urban area

Forest

Shrub-bushland

1985

8.0

18.0

11.0

3.0

7.5

15.0

2002

12.0

19.0

12.0

8.5

12.0

19.0

2017

14.2

21.7

10.4

11.2

11.9

19.7

2033

13.6

25.0

6.5

9.1

13.0

20.7