Fig. 4
From: The effect of landscape structure on the evolution of two alternative dispersal strategies
Top: evolved mean emigration probability trait value \(d\) (coding for random emigration) of each patch in the last generation under random nearest-neighbor dispersal (NN) or patch-dependent emigration (HE) across levels of spatial heterogeneity (low–very high). Center: evolved mean fitness threshold values of each patch in the last generation for scenarios with patch-dependent emigration (HE) across levels of spatial heterogeneity (low–very high). If an individual’s expected fertility in the natal patch falls below the threshold trait, it will disperse in those scenarios (HE). Typical fitness values are \({\text{Fertility}} \approx 6.4\). Bottom: proportion of emigration events that were caused by expected fertility lower than the individuals’ fertility threshold (see text for details). Panel configuration and colors as in Fig. 2