Increasing loss of mature boreal forests around protected areas with red-listed forest species

Ecological Processes

Table 3 Mean (± standard error) percent values of forests clear-cut in the different buffer zones in 2000–2019 in the RFPAs with highest values in the red-listed species index (top 5%) and in the other RFPAs

Forest vegetation zone	Buffer zone	Top 5% of RFPAs	Other RFPAs	z	P
Southern boreal	100 m	8.15 ± 0.89	15.41 ± 0.35	4.637	< 0.001
	1 km	13.03 ± 0.97	19.71 ± 0.22	6.758	< 0.001
	10 km	18.61 ± 0.75	22.29 ± 0.13	4.928	< 0.001
Middle boreal	100 m	11.78 ± 1.43	15.15 ± 0.52	0.792	0.428
	1 km	16.74 ± 1.08	17.71 ± 0.29	0.843	0.399
	10 km	16.31 ± 0.60	18.34 ± 0.14	3.145	0.002
Northern boreal	100 m	5.26 ± 1.45	9.57 ± 0.73	1.006	0.314
	1 km	6.83 ± 1.74	11.23 ± 0.55	1.862	0.063
	10 km	7.29 ± 1.37	9.98 ± 0.30	2.112	0.035

Number of RFPAs in the southern boreal, middle boreal and northern boreal zone were 117, 41 and 10 in the top 5% of RFPAs and 2213, 770 and 187 in the other RFPAs, respectively. Statistical test by Mann–Whitney U-test