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Ecological Processes
Fig. 2 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 2

From: Effects of logging on the trade-off between seed and sprout regeneration of dominant woody species in secondary forests of the Natural Forest Protection Project of China

Fig. 2

Mean values of environmental parameters for the control (0%), 25% (25% of the basal area removal), and 50% (50% of the basal area removal) logging intensities from June 2018 to June 2019. The environmental factors include the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) 1.0 m above the forest floor (a), soil temperature (b), soil water content (c) 5 cm below the ground, and litter thickness in August (d). Different capital letters above the column indicate a significant difference at P < 0.05 among three logging intensities. The values are presented as means ± S.E.

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