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Ecological Processes
Fig. 4 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 4

From: Effects of logging on the trade-off between seed and sprout regeneration of dominant woody species in secondary forests of the Natural Forest Protection Project of China

Fig. 4

Seedling (divided into different ages) and sprout density of woody plants for the control (0%), 25% (25% of the basal area removal), and 50% (50% of the basal area removal) logging intensities in August 2017, 2018, and 2019. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in densities of two regeneration modes at the same logging intensity and year based on Student’s t-test. The values are presented as the means ± S.E.

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