Table 4 The seed density of woody species in the seed rain and soil seed bank in October 2017, 2018 and 2019 (seeds m⁻²)

Acer barbinerve Maxim

AB

–

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

0.46

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Acer mono Maxim

AM

3.08

8.27

2.31

3.41

8.28

1.57

0.40

1.03

0.01

5.66

13.20

5.66

9.43

16.98

–

–

3.77

–

Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Komarov

AP

–

0.14

0.01

–

1.42

0.03

–

2.20

–

–

–

–

–

5.66

–

–

11.32

–

Acer tegmentosum Maxim

ATe

–

0.14

–

–

0.49

0.36

–

0.13

–

–

5.66

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Acer triflorum Komarov

ATr

–

5.43

–

–

0.07

–

–

0.01

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Betula dahurica Pall

BD

52.89

317.52

6.07

6.67

4.92

0.63

4.44

31.14

0.41

11.32

135.81

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Cornus controversa Hemsley

CC

3.98

6.30

–

10.10

14.97

0.03

0.53

6.59

–

33.95

88.66

1.89

35.84

105.63

–

54.70

96.20

–

Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr

FM

14.97

17.62

22.19

0.43

2.44

1.52

0.14

0.80

0.70

47.16

154.68

122.61

–

16.98

7.55

3.77

94.31

81.11

Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Hance) E. Murray

FR

36.33

6.52

4.93

2.87

0.58

1.48

40.18

8.06

3.68

237.67

73.56

203.72

69.79

5.66

1.89

109.40

160.33

154.68

Juglans mandshurica Maxim

JM

0.07

0.03

0.01

0.30

0.46

0.18

0.24

0.10

0.01

–

–

3.77

1.89

1.89

11.32

–

–

1.89

Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour

QM

6.53

12.02

0.61

2.18

3.10

0.04

3.63

11.04

0.17

–

120.72

1.89

–

67.91

–

–

94.31

–

Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch

SA

–

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

0.04

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Tilia mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim

TM

–

0.04

–

–

0.01

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehd.) Nakai

UD

0.07

–

–

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–