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Ecological Processes

Table 3 Results of PERMANOVA and pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni P-value adjustments on the three stages based on plant functional groups, ant traits, and ant functional groups, respectively

From: Congruent responses of vascular plant and ant communities to pastoral land-use abandonment in mountain areas throughout different biogeographic regions

 

Df

SumOfSqs

R2

F

Pr (> F)

Stage*

1

2

3

Plant functional groups

2

4.97

0.3

15

***

a

b

c

Ant traits

2

0.34

0.2

5.9

***

a

b

c

Ant functional groups

2

1.29

0.2

6.2

***

a

a

b

  1. *Data within a row followed by the same letter do not differ at P ≥ 0.05
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