Decoupling effect and driving factors of carbon footprint in megacity Wuhan, Central China

Pan, Gao; Li, Xinhang; Pan, Deng; Liu, Wensheng

doi:10.1186/s13717-023-00435-y

Ecological Processes

Table 4 Decoupling effect of carbon footprint and economic growth in Wuhan from 2001 to 2020

From: Decoupling effect and driving factors of carbon footprint in megacity Wuhan, Central China

Year	Total carbon footprint		Energy consumption account		Industrial production process account		Pollution emission account		Livestock account
Year	α_n	State	α_n	State	α_n	State	α_n	State	α_n	State
2001–2002	0.97	Expansion connection	1.04	Expansion connection	0.79	Weak decoupling	0.13	Weak decoupling	1.54	Expansion negative decoupling
2002–2003	1.41	Expansion negative decoupling	1.45	Expansion negative decoupling	0.19	Weak decoupling	1.85	Expansion negative decoupling	0.29	Weak decoupling
2003–2004	1.84	Expansion negative decoupling	1.92	Expansion negative decoupling	1.27	Expansion negative decoupling	1.37	Expansion negative decoupling	0.18	Weak decoupling
2004–2005	0.68	Weak decoupling	0.71	Weak decoupling	1.36	Expansion negative decoupling	0.02	Weak decoupling	0.22	Weak decoupling
2005–2006	0.45	Weak decoupling	0.56	Weak decoupling	0.65	Weak decoupling	− 1.2	Strong decoupling	− 0.01	Strong decoupling
2006–2007	− 0.34	Strong decoupling	− 0.43	Strong decoupling	0.96	Expansion connection	0.07	Weak decoupling	− 0.07	Strong decoupling
2007–2008	0.05	Weak decoupling	− 0.01	Strong decoupling	1.37	Expansion negative decoupling	− 0.29	Strong decoupling	0.17	Weak decoupling
2008–2009	− 0.34	Strong decoupling	− 0.45	Strong decoupling	− 0.11	Strong decoupling	1.38	Expansion negative decoupling	− 0.53	Strong decoupling
2009–2010	0.73	Weak decoupling	0.89	Expansion connection	0.53	Weak decoupling	− 1.35	Strong decoupling	0.07	Weak decoupling
2010–2011	0.32	Weak decoupling	0.33	Weak decoupling	0.02	Weak decoupling	0.79	Weak decoupling	− 0.01	Strong decoupling
2011–2012	− 0.41	Strong decoupling	− 0.5	Strong decoupling	0.14	Weak decoupling	0.24	Weak decoupling	0.81	Expansion connection
2012–2013	1.04	Expansion connection	1.16	Expansion connection	0.76	Weak decoupling	− 0.48	Strong decoupling	− 0.18	Strong decoupling
2013–2014	0.26	Weak decoupling	0.11	Weak decoupling	0.48	Weak decoupling	3.06	Expansion negative decoupling	0.09	Weak decoupling
2014–2015	− 0.68	Strong decoupling	− 0.68	Strong decoupling	− 0.22	Strong decoupling	− 1.07	Strong decoupling	− 2.33	Strong decoupling
2015–2016	− 0.61	Strong decoupling	− 0.63	Strong decoupling	− 0.54	Strong decoupling	0.2	Weak decoupling	− 5.21	Strong decoupling
2016–2017	0.43	Weak decoupling	0.47	Weak decoupling	− 0.26	Strong decoupling	0.71	Weak decoupling	− 0.33	Strong decoupling
2017–2018	0.2	Weak decoupling	0.23	Weak decoupling	− 0.01	Strong decoupling	0.16	Weak decoupling	− 0.23	Strong decoupling
2018–2019	0.37	Weak decoupling	0.37	Weak decoupling	− 0.19	Strong decoupling	1.22	Expansion negative decoupling	− 2.81	Strong decoupling
2019–2020	4.7	Decay decoupling	4.97	Decay decoupling	3.5	Decay decoupling	2.56	Decay decoupling	− 3.43	Strong negative decoupling

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