From: Assessing hydrological and provisioning ecosystem services in a case study in Western Central Brazil
(a) | (b) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water purification | Sediment retention | Water retention | Food and fodder | Affected area of river basin | ||||||
ID | Description | LU | LU + EP | LU | LU + EP | LU | LU + EP | LU | LU + EP | [%] |
BAU | Current (2010) land use distribution (baseline scenario) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 31 | 30 | - |
Change of riparian areas (Ri) with a low potential for nitrogen retention | ||||||||||
Ri-1 | … toward native tree Savanna (Cerrado) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 2 |
Ri-2 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 2 |
Ri-3 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 31 | 30 | 2 |
Ri-4 | … toward natural forest (Mata) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 2 |
Ri-5 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 31 | 31 | 2 |
Change of native grass Savanna (Campo, Ca) | ||||||||||
Ca-1 | … toward irrigated land | 86 | 86 | 85 | 82 | 46 | 44 | 34 | 33 | 3 |
Ca-2 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 87 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 46 | 44 | 32 | 32 | 3 |
Ca-3 | … toward arable land (corn, till) | 87 | 87 | 84 | 81 | 45 | 44 | 33 | 33 | 3 |
Ca-4 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 86 | 82 | 47 | 45 | 31 | 31 | 3 |
Change of areas with low nitrogen retention potential (NRP) | ||||||||||
NRP-1 | … toward Cerrado | 88 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 4 |
NRP-2 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 30 | 30 | 4 |
NRP-3 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 31 | 30 | 4 |
NRP-4 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 82 | 46 | 44 | 32 | 32 | 4 |
NRP-5 | … toward irrigated land | 86 | 86 | 85 | 82 | 46 | 44 | 34 | 33 | 4 |
Change of areas with steep slopes(Sl) | ||||||||||
Sl-1 | … toward Cerrado | 88 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 5 |
Sl-2 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 88 | 88 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 30 | 30 | 5 |
Sl-3 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 86 | 82 | 47 | 45 | 31 | 31 | 5 |
Sl-4 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 87 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 45 | 44 | 33 | 32 | 5 |
Sl-5 | … toward arable land (corn, till) | 86 | 86 | 83 | 80 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 33 | 5 |
Sl-6 | … toward irrigated land | 85 | 85 | 85 | 81 | 45 | 44 | 35 | 35 | 5 |
Change of degraded Cerrado (DC) | ||||||||||
DC-1 | … toward Cerrado | 88 | 88 | 87 | 84 | 52 | 50 | 31 | 30 | 6 |
DC-2 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 88 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 50 | 48 | 31 | 30 | 6 |
DC-3 | … toward natural forest (Mata) | 88 | 88 | 87 | 84 | 52 | 50 | 31 | 30 | 6 |
DC-4 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 87 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 47 | 45 | 34 | 34 | 6 |
DC-5 | … toward arable land (corn, no-till) | 86 | 86 | 83 | 79 | 46 | 44 | 35 | 35 | 6 |
DC-6 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 86 | 82 | 49 | 47 | 32 | 31 | 6 |
DC-7 | … toward irrigated land | 84 | 84 | 85 | 81 | 47 | 45 | 37 | 37 | 6 |
Change of riparian areas (Ri) with an intermediate potential retention function | ||||||||||
Ri-6 | … toward Cerrado | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 51 | 49 | 29 | 29 | 8 |
Ri-7 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 89 | 89 | 87 | 83 | 49 | 47 | 29 | 29 | 8 |
Ri-8 | … toward pasture | 89 | 89 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 31 | 30 | 8 |
Ri-9 | … toward natural forest (Mata) | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 51 | 49 | 29 | 29 | 8 |
Ri-10 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 87 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 45 | 43 | 33 | 33 | 8 |
Change of riparian areas (Ri) with an intermediate and low potential retention function | ||||||||||
Ri-11 | … toward natural Cerrado | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 52 | 50 | 29 | 28 | 10 |
Ri-12 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 49 | 47 | 29 | 28 | 10 |
Ri-13 | … toward pasture | 89 | 89 | 86 | 83 | 48 | 46 | 30 | 30 | 10 |
Ri-14 | … toward natural forest (Mata) | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 52 | 50 | 29 | 28 | 10 |
Ri-15 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 87 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 34 | 10 |
Ri-16 | … toward irrigated land | 82 | 82 | 84 | 81 | 45 | 43 | 39 | 38 | 10 |
Change of Cerrado(Ce) | ||||||||||
Ce-1 | … toward irrigated land | 81 | 81 | 83 | 79 | 41 | 39 | 41 | 40 | 10 |
Ce-2 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 86 | 86 | 85 | 81 | 41 | 39 | 36 | 35 | 10 |
Ce-3 | … toward arable land (corn, till) | 84 | 84 | 80 | 76 | 39 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 10 |
Ce-4 | … toward degraded Cerrado | 88 | 88 | 85 | 82 | 42 | 40 | 31 | 30 | 10 |
Distance to water (D): Change of areas close to surface waters (irrespective of their current land use) | ||||||||||
D-1 | … toward Cerrado | 89 | 89 | 88 | 85 | 53 | 51 | 28 | 28 | 14 |
D-2 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 49 | 47 | 28 | 28 | 14 |
D-3 | … toward pasture | 89 | 89 | 86 | 82 | 47 | 45 | 30 | 30 | 14 |
D-4 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 86 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 43 | 41 | 35 | 35 | 14 |
Change of degraded Cerrado and Cerrado (DCC) | ||||||||||
DCC-1 | … toward arable land (general, no-till) | 85 | 85 | 85 | 81 | 40 | 38 | 39 | 38 | 17 |
DCC-2 | … toward arable land (corn, no-till) | 82 | 82 | 85 | 81 | 40 | 38 | 43 | 42 | 17 |
DCC-3 | … toward pasture | 88 | 88 | 84 | 81 | 45 | 43 | 33 | 33 | 17 |
DCC-4 | … irrigated land | 77 | 77 | 82 | 78 | 40 | 38 | 47 | 46 | 17 |
Change of pastureland (Pa) | ||||||||||
Pa-1 | … toward Cerrado | 88 | 88 | 89 | 87 | 57 | 55 | 27 | 27 | 21 |
Pa-2 | … toward grass Savanna (Campo) | 88 | 88 | 89 | 87 | 57 | 55 | 27 | 27 | 21 |
Pa-3 | … toward forests (afforestation) | 88 | 88 | 89 | 85 | 51 | 49 | 27 | 27 | 21 |
Pa-4 | … toward natural forest (Mata) | 88 | 88 | 90 | 87 | 57 | 55 | 27 | 27 | 21 |
Pa-5 | … arable land (general, no-till) | 84 | 84 | 87 | 83 | 41 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 21 |
Pa-6 | … toward arable land (corn, no-till) | 81 | 81 | 88 | 84 | 41 | 39 | 43 | 42 | 21 |
Combined (C): Change of areas with low potential for nitrogen retention, runoff retention, sediment retention, and production potential | ||||||||||
C-1 | … toward Cerrado | 90 | 90 | 89 | 86 | 56 | 54 | 27 | 27 | 23 |
Change of arable land (general) (Ar) | ||||||||||
Ar-1 | … toward arable land (soy, till) | 95 | 95 | 76 | 73 | 40 | 39 | 33 | 32 | 47 |
Ar-2 | … toward arable land (wheat) | 94 | 94 | 81 | 78 | 48 | 46 | 24 | 23 | 47 |
Ar-3 | … toward arable land (corn, no-till) | 81 | 81 | 88 | 85 | 48 | 46 | 42 | 42 | 47 |
Ar-4 | … toward Cerrado | 97 | 97 | 92 | 90 | 82 | 81 | 7 | 7 | 47 |