Plant–pollinator metanetworks in fragmented landscapes: a simulation study

Ecological Processes

Table 2 Descriptions of the selected landscape metrics

Category	Metric	Equation	Range
Area and Edge	LPI	\({a}_{ij}/A\)	0 < LPI ≦ 100
	Area-MN	\(\frac{\sum_{j=1}^{n}{x}_{ij}}{{n}_{i}}\)	Area-MN > 0
	ED	\(\frac{\sum {e}_{ik}}{A}\left(10000\right)\)	0 ≤ ED, no limit
Aggregation	AI	\(\left(\frac{{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{ii}}}{\mathrm{max}\to {\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{ii}}}\right)\left(100\right)\)	0 ≤ AI ≥ 100
	NP	\({n}_{i}\)	NP ≥ 1
	ENN	\({h}_{ij}\)	ENN > 0

In this table, several metrics related to area and edge, shape, and aggregation categories have been presented and all of them measure landscape configuration aspects
a_ij = area (m²) of patch; A = total landscape area (m²); n_i = number of class i patches in the landscape; e_ij = total length (m) of edges of patch ij, including landscape boundary; a_ij c = area (m²) within patch ij separated from its boundary by a user-specified buffer width (m); g_ii = the number of adjacencies (contiguity) between pixels of patch class i; max g_ii = maximum possible number of adjacencies among pixels of patches of class i, h_ij = distance (m) from patch ij to the nearest neighboring patch of the same type (class), based on patch edge-to-edge distance, computed from cell center to cell center (McGarigal et al. 2002)