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Ecological Processes
Fig. 5 | Ecological Processes

Fig. 5

From: Effects of Hedera helix L. removal on the understory early regeneration in an oak temperate forest in Mexico City

Fig. 5

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for the soil environmental factors and the species found. Plots invaded by H. helix (IH); control plots without H. helix (CV); invaded plots where H. helix was removed (IR); and control plots without H. helix where we manually removed the understory (CR). Axis 1 eigenvalue = 0.17; axis 2 eigenvalue = 0.12. E.C. = soil electrical conductivity, P = soil phosphorus, K = soil potassium, O.M. = soil organic matter, N = soil nitrogen (see Additional file 1: Appendix)

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