Table 2 Set of criteria and indicators (C&I) and indicator weights for assessment of wetland pressure system
Evaluation criterion | Indicator | Relation with WEH | Indicator weight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(\({W}_{j}\)), 2016 | (\({W}_{j}\)), 2022 | |||
Catchment characteristics of wetlands | Status of human-induced stresses on LULC of WIZ (P1) | − | 0.023 | 0.028 |
Areal fragmentation of perennial wetland zone (P2) | − | 0.023 | 0.028 | |
Arable land area per capita (P3) | + | 0.019 | 0.031 | |
Pressure on hydrology: physical components | Intensity of point sources of pollution (P4) | − | 0.035 | 0.037 |
Rate of change of non-point pollution in the wetland influence zone (P5) | − | 0.023 | 0.029 | |
Water resource ownership per capita (P6) | − | 0.017 | 0.036 | |
Change in hydraulic perimeter of channel inlet (P7) | + | 0.033 | 0.033 | |
Rate of change of water flow in channel inlet (P8) | + | 0.151 | 0.128 | |
Change in hydraulic perimeter of channel outlet (P9) | + | 0.033 | 0.028 | |
Rate of change of water flow in channel outlet (P10) | + | 0.151 | 0.128 | |
Pressure on hydrology: chemical components | Status of saline water intrusion through inlets (P11) | − | 0.053 | 0.028 |
Status of fecal coliform bacteria (P12) | − | 0.031 | 0.026 | |
Amount of phosphate in wetland water (P13) | − | 0.026 | 0.024 | |
Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen (P14) | − | 0.040 | 0.034 | |
Amount of nitrate in wetland water (P15) | − | 0.019 | 0.015 | |
Amount of arsenic in wetland water (P16) | − | 0.000 | 0.019 | |
Amount of fluoride in wetland water (P17) | − | 0.039 | 0.028 | |
Pressure on wetland soils: physical components | Rate of sedimentation (P18) | − | 0.017 | 0.015 |
Availability of soil moisture (P19) | + | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
Pressure on wetland soils: chemical components | Number of chemical pesticides and insecticides used in WIZ (P20) | − | 0.033 | 0.033 |
Number of chemical fertilizers used in WIZ (P21) | − | 0.031 | 0.025 | |
Pressure on biota: floral components | Status of invasive species within WPZ (P22) | − | 0.033 | 0.022 |
Status of invasive species within WIZ (P23) | − | 0.023 | 0.022 | |
Magnitude of harmfulness of invasive plant species (P24) | − | 0.006 | 0.017 | |
Pressure on biota: faunal components | Occurrence of exotic insects (P25) | − | 0.007 | 0.011 |
Magnitude of harmfulness of insects (P26) | − | 0.009 | 0.008 | |
Level of introduction of exotic fishes (P27) | − | 0.014 | 0.018 | |
Pressure from livelihood activities | Household density (P28) | − | 0.014 | 0.034 |
Road density (P29) | − | 0.013 | 0.019 | |
Number of dependent populaces per unit land (P30) | − | 0.031 | 0.026 | |
Poaching intensity of birds (P31) | − | 0.002 | 0.008 | |
Status of lift irrigation from wetlands and inlets to total water (P32) | − | 0.011 | 0.019 | |
Irrigational water for agricultural purposes from ground water (P33) | − | 0.005 | 0.017 | |
Human disturbance intensity (P34) | − | 0.014 | 0.008 | |
Intensity of using of finer nets for catching fishes (P35) | − | 0.004 | 0.007 | |
Intensity of using WIZ for sanitation and domestic purposes (P36) | − | 0.005 | 0.001 | |
Intensity of using WIZ for animal husbandry (P37) | − | 0.005 | 0.003 | |
Intensity of using WIZ for jute retting (P38) | − | 0.005 | 0.003 | |